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Positioning 1 > Ch. 11 Mandible, TMJ, and Sinuses Workbook > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Mandible, TMJ, and Sinuses Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

what is the older term for the maxillary sinuses

A

antrum/antrum of Highmore

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2
Q

an infection of the teeth may travel upward and involve what sinus

A

maxillary sinus

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3
Q

specifically, where are the frontal sinuses located

A

between inner and outer tables of the skull, posterior to the glabella

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4
Q

the frontal sinuses rarely become aerated before what age

A

6 years

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5
Q

which specific aspect of the ethmoid bone contains the ethmoid sinuses

A

lateral masses or labyrinth

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6
Q

what is the drainage pathway for the paranasal sinuses called

A

osteomeatal complex

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7
Q

which sinus is projected through the open mouth with a PA axial transoral projection

A

sphenoid sinus

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8
Q

what is the name of the passageway between the maxillary sinuses and the middle nasal meatus

A

infundibulum

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9
Q

T/F - most CT studies of the paranasal sinuses do not require the use of contrast media

A

true

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10
Q

what position is most often used when performing a CT study of the sinuses

A

prone

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11
Q

T/F - the PA axial projection of the mandible produces an elongated view of the condyloid processes

A

true

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12
Q

which projection of the mandible projects the opposite half of the mandible away from the side of interest

A

axiolateral oblique

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13
Q

what must be done to prevent the ramus of the mandible from being superimposed over the c-spine with an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible

A

extend the chin

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14
Q

how much skull rotation (from the lateral skull position) toward the IR is required with an axiolateral oblique projection for demonstrating the body of the mandible

A

30 degrees

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15
Q

how much skull rotation (from the lateral skull position) toward the IR is required with an axiolateral oblique projection for demonstrating the mentum region

A

45 degrees

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16
Q

how much skull rotation (from the lateral skull position) toward the IR is required with an axiolateral oblique projection for demonstrating the ramus region

A

0 degrees (true lateral)

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17
Q

how much skull rotation (from the lateral skull position) toward the IR is required with an axiolateral oblique projection for demonstrating a general survey of the mandible

A

10-15 degrees

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18
Q

what is the max CR angle needed for all of the axiolateral oblique projections

A

25 degrees cephalad

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19
Q

what specific positioning error has been committed if both sides of the mandible are superimposed with an axiolateral oblique projection

A

insufficient cephalic CR angle or skull tilt

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20
Q

where should the CR exit for a PA axial projection of the mandible

A

acanthion (at lips for PA projection)

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21
Q

which cranial positioning line is places perp to the IR for a PA or PA axial projection of the mandible

A

orbitomeatal line (OML)

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22
Q

T/F - for a true PA projection of the mandibular body (if this is the area of interest) the AML should be perp to the IR

A

true

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23
Q

T/F - the CR should be angled 20-25 degrees caudad for the PA axial projection of the mandible

A

false - cephalad

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24
Q

which aspect of the mandible is best visualized with an AP axial projection

A

condyloid process

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25
Q

what CR angle is required for the AP axial projection of the mandible if the OML is perp to the IR

A

35 degrees caudad

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26
Q

what CR angle is required for the AP axial projection of the mandible if the IOML is perp to the IR

A

42 degrees caudad

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27
Q

where is the CR centered for an AP axial projection of the mandible

A

1” superior to glabella

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28
Q

which projection of the mandible demonstrates the entire mandible, including the coronoid and condyloid processes

A

SMV projection

29
Q

which imaging system provides a single, frontal perspective of the entire mandible

A

orthopantomography (panoramic tomography)

30
Q

what device provides inherent collimation during an orthopantomographic procedure

A

narrow, vertical slit diaphragm

31
Q

which cranial line is places parallel to the floor for orthopantomography of the mandible

A

infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

32
Q

what type of IR must be used with digital orthopantomography

A

digital detector or photostimulable phosphor plate

33
Q

T/F - the modified Law method provides a bilateral and functional study of the TMJ

34
Q

T/F - the mandibular condyles move anteriorly as the mouth is opened

35
Q

which projection/method of the TMJ requires that the skull be kept in a true lateral position

36
Q

the axiolateral (Schuller method) projection for the TMJ requires a CR angle of what

A

25-30 degrees caudad

37
Q

the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJ is commonly referred to as what

A

modified Law

38
Q

the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJ requires how much head rotation from lateral

A

15 degrees

39
Q

the axiolateral oblique projection of the TMJ requires what CR angle

A

15 degrees caudad

40
Q

if the area of interest is the temporomandibular fossae, what should the angle of the CR to the OML be for the AP axial (modified Towne) projection to reduce superimposition of the temporomandibular fossae and mastoid portions of the temporal bone

A

40 degrees caudad

41
Q

aligning what plane perp to the IR prevents rotation of either a PA or an AP axial mandible

A

midsagittal

42
Q

what kVp range should be used for paranasal sinus radiography

43
Q

to demonstrate any possible air or fluid levels within the paranasal sinuses, it is important to do these two things

A
  • perform positions erect when possible
  • use horizontal x-ray beam
44
Q

T/F - ultrasound exams of the maxillary sinuses to rule out sinusitis are possible

45
Q

T/F - MRI is the preferred modality to study soft tissue changes and masses within the paranasal sinuses

46
Q

T/F - secondary osteomyelitis is often caused by tumor invasion

47
Q

list the 4 most commonly performed routine projections for paranasal sinuses

A
  • lateral
  • PA caldwell
  • parietoacanthial (waters)
  • SMV
48
Q

which single projection for a paranasal sinus routine provides an image of all 4 sinus groups

49
Q

if the patient cannot stand for the lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses, the projection should be taken how

A

with a horizontal x-ray beam

50
Q

which paranasal sinuses are best demonstrated with a PA (caldwell) projection

A

frontal and anterior ethmoid

51
Q

to avoid angling the CR for the erect PA (axial) caldwell sinus projection, the head should be adjusted so that the OML is how many degrees from horizontal

A

15 degrees

52
Q

which group of paranasal sinuses is best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial (waters) projection

A

maxillary sinuses

53
Q

the OML forms what degree angle with the IR in the parietoacanthial (waters)

A

37 degrees

54
Q

which positioning line is placed perp to the IR for a parietoacanthial projection

A

mentomeatal line (MML)

55
Q

where are the petrous ridges on a well-positioned parietoacanthial projection

A

just below the maxillary sinuses

56
Q

which paranasal sinuses are demonstrated with an SMV projection of the paranasal sinuses

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinusesj

57
Q

where should the CR exit for both the PA parietoacanthial (waters) and PA transoral (open-mouth waters) projections

A

level of the acanthion

58
Q

what is the one major difference in positioning between parietoacanthial and PA axial transoral projections

A

mouth is open with PA transoral

59
Q

which paranasal sinuses are projected through the oral cavity with the PA axial transoral projection

A

sphenoid sinuses

60
Q

which projection shows the sphenoid sinus in oral cavity

A

PA transoral

61
Q

which projection shows an inferosuperior view of sphenoid and ethmoid sinus

A

SMV for sinuses

62
Q

which projection shows all 4 paranasal sinuses demonstrated

63
Q

which projection shows the best view of maxillary sinus

A

parietoacanthial

64
Q

which projection shows the best view of frontal and ethmoid sinuses

A

PA (axial) caldwell

65
Q

a radiograph of a PA (caldwell) projection for paranasal sinuses shows the petrous ridges are projected into the lower half of the orbits and are obscuring the ethmoid sinuses. the tech used a horizontal x-ray beam for the projection. the skull was positioned to place OML at a 15 degree angle from horizontal plane. what positioning modification is needed

A

head and neck need to be extended more to project petrous ridges below ethmoid sinuses

66
Q

a radiograph of a PA transoral projection shows the sphenoid sinus is superimposed over the upper teeth and the nasal cavity. how must the position be modified to avoid this problem during repeat

A

increase extension of head and neck to project entire sphenoid sinus through oral cavity

67
Q

a radiograph of an axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible shows the bod of the mandible is severely foreshortened. the body of the mandible is the area of interest. what positioning error lead to this outcome

A

insufficient rotation of the skull toward the IR, skull should be rotated 30 degrees (from lateral position) toward the IR to prevent foreshortening of the body

68
Q

a patient comes to the radiology dept. to rule out a possible polyp within the sphenoid sinus. what routine and/or special projection provides the best overall assessment of the paranasal sinuses for this patient

A

PA transoral special projection in addition to routine 4 sinuses projections (PA caldwell, lateral, parietoacanthial, SMV)

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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