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Positioning 1 > Ch. 9 Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx Flashcards

1
Q

largest and strongest individual vertebra

A

lumbar

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2
Q

due to load of the body weight on this aspect of the body, these are common sites for injury and pathologic processes

A

cartilaginous disks between inferior lumbar vertebrae

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3
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

typically 5

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4
Q

these are small on lumbar vertebra

A

transverse processes

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5
Q

these are bulky and blunt on lumbar vertebrae

A

spinous process

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6
Q

the palpable lower tip of each lumbar spinous process lies at this level

A

intervertebral disk space inferior to each vertebral body

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7
Q

how are the intervertebral foramen situated in relation to the midsagittal plane

A

90 degrees

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8
Q

when vertebrae are stacked, the superior and inferior vertebral notches line up, and the two half-mooned shaped areas form a single opening called this

A

intervertebral foramina

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9
Q

along the upper surface of each pedicle is a half-moon-shaped area called what

A

superior vertebral notch

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10
Q

along the lower surface of each pedicle is a half-moon-shaped area called what

A

inferior vertebral notch

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11
Q

how are the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine best demonstrated

A

lateral radiograph

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12
Q

the processes that project upward from the area of junction between the pedicles and laminae

A

superior articular processes

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13
Q

processes that project downward from the area of junction between the pedicles and laminae

A

inferior articular processes

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14
Q

articulating surface

A

facet

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15
Q

articulation between the superior and inferior articular processes

A

zygapophyseal joints

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16
Q

how do the z-joints of the lumbar spine open in relation to the midsagittal plane

A

30-50 degrees

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17
Q

how are the upper/proximal z-joints of the lumbar spine in relation to the midsagittal plane

A

50 degrees

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18
Q

how are the lower/distal z-joints of the lumbar spine in relation to the midsagittal plane

A

30 degrees

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19
Q

these form a bridge between the transverse processes, lateral masses, and spinous process

A

laminae

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20
Q

portion of each laminae between the superior and inferior articular processes

A

pars interarticularis

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21
Q

how is the pars interarticularis demonstrated radiographically

A

oblique lumbar image

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22
Q

how does the anterior surface of the sacrum curve

A

concave

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23
Q

how many segments are in the sacrum

A

5

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24
Q

how is the sacrum shaped

A

shovel-shaped

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25
how does the apex of the sacrum point
inferiorly and anteriorly
26
how many pelvic sacral foramina are there
4 sets, 8 total
27
what are the intervertebral foramina in the sacrum called
pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina
28
large masses of bone lateral to the first sacral segment
alae or wings of the sacrum
29
these form the z-joints with the inferior articular processes of L5
superior articular processes of the sacrum
30
from a posterior perspective, how is the sacrum curved
convex
31
anterior ridge of first sacral segment's body helps form the posterior wall of the inlet of the true pelvis and is called this
promontory
32
how is the promontory best demonstrated
lateral perspective
33
posterior to the body of the first sacral segment is the opening of this, which is a continuation of the vertebral canal and contains certain sacral nerves
sacral canal
34
this is formed by fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae
median sacral crest
35
the sacrum articulates with the ilium of the pelvis here
auricular surface
36
small tubercles that represent the inferior articular processes projecting inferiorly from each side of the 5th sacral segment
sacral horns (cornua)
37
how do the sacral horns project to articulate with the corresponding horns of the coccyx
inferiorly and posteriorly
38
the sacroiliac joints open obliquely at what angle
30 degrees
39
most distal portion of the vertebral column
coccyx
40
how many segments of the coccyx are there
3-5 (4 average)
41
largest and broadest section of the coccyx has these two lateral projections
small transverse processes
42
distal pointed tip of the coccyx
apex
43
broader superior portion of the coccyx
base
44
occasionally these two segments don't fuse solidly
2nd with the first
45
what is the coccyx compared to in size in the book
US postage stamp (1")
46
how does the long axis of the sacrum angle
posteriorly
47
what does the coccyx project into
birth canal
48
forward curvature of coccyx is more pronounced in who
men
49
who is more likely to experience a fracture of the coccyx
females due to shape of their pelvis and more vertical orientation of coccyx
50
what does the neck of the scottie dog represent
pars interarticularis
51
what does the ear of the scottie dog represent
superior articular process
52
what does the eye of the scottie dog represent
pedicle
53
what does the nose of the scottie dog represent
transverse process
54
what do the front legs of the scottie dog represent
inferior articular process
55
what type of joints are the zygapophyseal joints
synovial - plane (gliding), diarthrodial
56
what type of joints are the intervertebral joints
cartilaginous - symphysis, amphiarthrodial
57
how are the intervertebral foramina visualized in the lumbar spine
true lateral position
58
what do the posterior obliques of the lumbar spine show
downside z-joints
59
what do the anterior obliques of the lumbar spine show
upside z-joints
60
what does the prominence of the greater trochanter line up with
superior margin of symphysis pubis
61
what level is ASIS at
S1-S2
62
what level is the iliac crest at
L4-L5
63
what level is the lower costal margin at
L2-L3
64
what level is the xiphoid tip at
T9-T10
65
who are shields used on for lumbar work
always on males, only on females if doesn't obscure anatomy
66
PA projections offer how much less ovarian dose compared with AP projections
25-30% less
67

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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