Ch. 12 Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System Workbook Flashcards
what is the average weight of the adult human liver
3-4 lbs (1.5 kg) (1/36 of total body weight)
which abdominal quadrant contains the gallbladder
RUQ
what is the name of the soft tissue structure that separates the right from the left lobe of the liver
falciform ligament
which lobe of the liver is larger, the right or the left
right
what are the minor lobes of the liver called
-quadrate
- caudate
how much bile does the average healthy adult liver produce in a day
1 quart (800-1000 mL)
what are the 3 primary functions of the gallbladder
- store bile
- concentrate bile
- contracts to release bile into duodenum
what imaging modality produces cholescintigraphy
nuclear medicine
what two terms refer to a radiographic examination of the pharynx and esophagus
- esophagography
- barium swallow
which regions is peristaltic activity not found
- oral cavity
- pharynx
concentrated levels of this in bile may lead to gallstones
cholesterol
a churning or mixing activity that is present in the small bowel is called what
rhythmic segmentation
the end of the common bile duct and the end of the pancreatic duct are totally separated into 2 ducts rather than combining into one single passageway into the duodenum in what percent of the population
40%
what is the end product of digestion of lipids
fatty acids and glycerol
what types of mechanical digestion occur in the oral cavity
- mastication
- delgutition
with the use of this, the number of post fluoroscopy radiographs ordered has greatly diminished
digital fluoroscopy
what is the older term for the main pancreatic duct
duct of Wirsung
is the gallbladder located more anteriorly or posteriorly in the abdomen
anteriorly
what are the 4 advantages of using sonography as a noninvasive means to study the gallbladder and biliary ducts
- no ionizing radiation
- no contrast media required
- less patient prep
- better detection of small calculi
certain salts of barium are poisonous to humans, so barium contrast studies require this for human consumption
pure sulfate salt of barium
a cholecystocholagiogram is a radiographic exam of what
both gallbladder and biliary ducts
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
condition of having gallstones
cholelithiasis
what are the 4 advantages or unique features and capabilities of digital fluoroscopy over conventional fluoroscopic recording systems
- optional post fluoroscopy overhead images
- multiple frames formatting and multiple original images
- cine loop capability
- image enhancement and manipulation
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
benign or malignant tumors
neoplasm
most common form is adenocarcinoma
carcinoma of esophagus
narrowing of the biliary ducts
biliary stenosis
what are the 7 major components of the alimentary canal
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- anus
what are the 4 accessory organs of digestion
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- salivary glands
what are the 3 primary functions of the digestive system
- ingestion and digestion of food
- absorption of digested food particles
- elimination of solid waste products
which term describes the radiographic study of the distal esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series/ upper GI
what is the act of swallowing called
deglutition
what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
what structures create the two indentations seen along the lateral border of the esophagus
- aortic arch
- left primary bronchus
what 3 structures pass through the diaphragm
- esophagus
- inferior vena cava
- aorta
blind outpouching of the mucosal wall
diverticula
what term describes the junction between the duodenum and jejunum
duodenojejunal flexure
synonymous with gastric or duodenal ulcer
peptic ulcer
what type of structures are the c-loop of the duodenum and pancreas in relation to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
how does the body of the stomach curve from the fundus
inferiorly and anteriorly
what are the 3 main subdivisions of the stomach
- fundus
- body
- pylorus
portion of stomach protruding through the diaphragmatic opening
hiatal hernia
speckled appearance of gastric mucus on radiograph
gastritis
the pyloric portion of the stomach is divided into these two parts
- pyloric antrum
- pyloric canal
what is another term for mucosal folds of the stomach
rugae
what are the two anatomic structures implicated in the phrase “romance of the abdomen”
- head of pancreas
- c-loop of duodenum
gastric bubble above diaphragm on radiograph
hiatal hernia
this includes movements of the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract
mechanical digestion
which specific structure of the GI system is affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS)
antral muscle at the orifice of the pylorus
stomach contents are churned into a semifluid mass called what
chyme
what are the 3 groups of food that are ingested and must be chemically digested
- carbohydrates
- protein
- lipids (fats)
biologic catalysts that speed up the process of digestion are called what
enzymes
esophagography usually begins with fluoroscopy with the patient in which position
erect
what are the 4 radiographic tests that may be performed to detect signs of GERD
- breathing exercises
- water test
- compression (paddle) technique
- toe-touch maneuver
what position is the patient usually placed during the water test
slight LPO
what is the suggested dose of barium sulfate for an upper GI on a nerborn-1 year old
2-4 oz
what is the end product of digestion of carbohydrates
simple sugars
what is the suggested dosage of barium for an upper GI on a 3-10 year old
6-12 oz
what is the end product of digestion of protein
amino acid
what is the name of the liquid substance that aids in digestion, is manufactured in the liver, and is stored in the gallbladder
bile
what is the suggested dosage of barium for an upper GI on a child older than 10 years old
12-16 oz
what type of fluoroscopy generator is recommended for pediatric procedures
pulsed, grid-controlled fluoroscopy
how does bile assist in emulsification of fat
large droplets are broken down to small fat droplets which have greater surface area and give enzymes greater access for breakdown of lipids