Ch. 11 Organs of Hearing and the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

the center point of the opening of the external ear canal (EAM)

A

auricular point

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2
Q

positioning line used for a specific projection of the facial bones called a modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) projection

A

lipsmeatal line (LML)

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3
Q

complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

A

temporal bones

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4
Q

portion of the temporal that houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium

A

petrous portion (petrous pyramid; pars petrosa)

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5
Q

larger cavity, opposite the eardrum

A

tympanic cavity proper

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6
Q

membrane that allows movement of fluid within the closed duct system of the membranous labyrinth

A

round window

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7
Q

considered part of the middle ear even though it serves as a partition between the external and middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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8
Q

the opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

A

aditus

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9
Q

near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen is an opening/orifice called what; serves to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

A

internal acoustic meatus

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10
Q

many air cells are located within this process

A

mastoid process

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11
Q

irregularly shaped, air-containing cavity located between the external and internal ear

A

middle ear

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12
Q

how long is the external acoustic canal or meatus

A

1” long - half bony structure, half cartilaginous

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13
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the middle ear

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • auditory ossicles
  • tympanic cavity
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14
Q

area above the level of the EAM and the eardrum

A

attic/epitympanic recess

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15
Q

a second direct communication into the middle ear occurs posteriorly to what

A

mastoid air cells

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16
Q

allow a sense of equilibrium as well as a sense of direction

A

semicircular canals

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17
Q

the tympanic cavity communicates anteriorly with the nasopharynx by way of this

A

eustachian tube or auditory tube

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18
Q

what does the eustachian tube serve to do

A

equalize the pressure within the middle ear to the outside atmospheric air pressure through nasopharynx

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19
Q

how long is the eustachian tube

A

1.5” (4cm)

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20
Q

separates the EAM from the epitympanic recess; sharp, bony projection that the tympanic membrane is attached to; structure that is important radiographically

A

drum crest or spur

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21
Q

the small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear

A

tragus

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22
Q

the large flap of ear made of cartilage; external portion of ear

A

auricle or pinna

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23
Q

the eardrum is situated at an oblique angle, forming a depression or well in this part of the meatus

A

lower medial end

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24
Q

the meatus narrows as it meets this

A

tympanic membrane - eardrum

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25
opening or canal of the external ear
EAM
26
the small liplike structure located anterior to the EAM, acts as a partial shield to the ear opening
tragus
27
the external ear begins with what
auricle/pinna
28
what are the 3 divisions of the ear
- external - middle - internal
29
the structure that houses the semicircular canals
vestibule
30
the vestibule contains this window
oval window (vestibular window)
31
the auditory ossicles bridge the middle ear cavity to transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this
oval window
32
the footplate of the stapes is attached to another membrane called what
oval window
33
the incus connects to this stirrup shaped ossicle
stapes
34
central portion of the bony labyrinth, contains the oval window
vestibule
35
found at the base of the cochlea
round window (cochlear window)
36
the most anterior of the 3 parts of the osseous labyrinth
cochlea
37
this snail shaped bone of the osseous labyrinth houses a long, coiled, tubelike duct of the membranous labyrinth
cochlea
38
the organs of hearing and equilibrium are the main structures found within this portion of the temporal bones
petrous portion
39
vibrations are first picked up by this which is attached directly to the inside surface of the tympanic membrane
malleous
40
smallest of the 3 auditory ossicles
stapes
41
the head of the malleus articulates with this central ossicle
incus
42
3 small bones that are prominent structures within the middle ear
auditory ossicles
43
the thin plate of bone that forms the roof of the antrum, aditus, and attic area of the tympanic cavity
tegmen tympani
44
the endolymphatic duct is located both posterior and lateral to what
internal acoustic meatus
45
a blind pouch or closed duct contained in a small, canal-like, bony structure
endolymphatic duct
46
the opening of the external ear canal
EAM
47
the tympanic cavity is divided further into these two parts
- tympanic cavity proper - attic or epitympanic recess
48
bony chamber that houses the membranous labyrinth
osseous labyrinth
49
internal ear is divided into these two main parts
- osseous/bony labyrinth - membranous labyrinth
50
contains the essential sensory apparatus of both hearing and equilibrium
internal ear
51
this auditory ossicle is located slightly anterior to the others
malleus
52
the most lateral auditory ossicle
malleus
53
the osseous (bony) labyrinth is divided into these 3 parts
- cochlea - vestibule - semicircular canals
54
as the oval window moves slightly inward with a vibration, the round window does what
moves outward
55
receives vibrations from the external ear through the distal aspect of the stapes of the middle ear and transmits these vibrations into the vestibule of the internal ear
oval (vestibular) window
56
relate to the sense of equilibrium or direction
semicircular canals
57
relates to the sense of hearing
cochlea
58
located posterior to all the other inner ear structures
semicircular canals
59
the aditus connects directly to a large chamber within the mastoid portion called what
antrum
60
the canal of the endolymphatic duct arises from this and extends to this
- medial wall of the vestibule - posterior wall of the petrous pyramid
61
a series of intercommunicating ducts and sacs
membranous labyrinth