Ch. 11 Organs of Hearing and the Ear

Question 1

the center point of the opening of the external ear canal (EAM)

Answer 1

auricular point

Question 2

positioning line used for a specific projection of the facial bones called a modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) projection

Answer 2

lipsmeatal line (LML)

Question 3

complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

Answer 3

temporal bones

Question 4

portion of the temporal that houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium

Answer 4

petrous portion (petrous pyramid; pars petrosa)

Question 5

larger cavity, opposite the eardrum

Answer 5

tympanic cavity proper

Question 6

membrane that allows movement of fluid within the closed duct system of the membranous labyrinth

Answer 6

round window

Question 7

considered part of the middle ear even though it serves as a partition between the external and middle ear

Answer 7

tympanic membrane

Question 8

the opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

Answer 8

aditus

Question 9

near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen is an opening/orifice called what; serves to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

Answer 9

internal acoustic meatus

Question 10

many air cells are located within this process

Answer 10

mastoid process

Question 11

irregularly shaped, air-containing cavity located between the external and internal ear

Answer 11

middle ear

Question 12

how long is the external acoustic canal or meatus

Answer 12

1” long - half bony structure, half cartilaginous

Question 13

what are the 3 main parts of the middle ear

Answer 13

• tympanic membrane
• auditory ossicles
• tympanic cavity

Question 14

area above the level of the EAM and the eardrum

Answer 14

attic/epitympanic recess

Question 15

a second direct communication into the middle ear occurs posteriorly to what

Answer 15

mastoid air cells

Question 16

allow a sense of equilibrium as well as a sense of direction

Answer 16

semicircular canals

Question 17

the tympanic cavity communicates anteriorly with the nasopharynx by way of this

Answer 17

eustachian tube or auditory tube

Question 18

what does the eustachian tube serve to do

Answer 18

equalize the pressure within the middle ear to the outside atmospheric air pressure through nasopharynx

Question 19

how long is the eustachian tube

Answer 19

1.5” (4cm)

Question 20

separates the EAM from the epitympanic recess; sharp, bony projection that the tympanic membrane is attached to; structure that is important radiographically

Answer 20

drum crest or spur

Question 21

the small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear

Answer 21

tragus

Question 22

the large flap of ear made of cartilage; external portion of ear

Answer 22

auricle or pinna

Question 23

the eardrum is situated at an oblique angle, forming a depression or well in this part of the meatus

Answer 23

lower medial end

Question 24

the meatus narrows as it meets this

Answer 24

tympanic membrane - eardrum

Question 25

opening or canal of the external ear

Answer 25

EAM

Question 26

the small liplike structure located anterior to the EAM, acts as a partial shield to the ear opening

Answer 26

tragus

Question 27

the external ear begins with what

Answer 27

auricle/pinna

Question 28

what are the 3 divisions of the ear

Answer 28

- external - middle - internal

Question 29

the structure that houses the semicircular canals

Answer 29

vestibule

Question 30

the vestibule contains this window

Answer 30

oval window (vestibular window)

Question 31

the auditory ossicles bridge the middle ear cavity to transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this

Answer 31

oval window

Question 32

the footplate of the stapes is attached to another membrane called what

Answer 32

oval window

Question 33

the incus connects to this stirrup shaped ossicle

Answer 33

stapes

Question 34

central portion of the bony labyrinth, contains the oval window

Answer 34

vestibule

Question 35

found at the base of the cochlea

Answer 35

round window (cochlear window)

Question 36

the most anterior of the 3 parts of the osseous labyrinth

Answer 36

cochlea

Question 37

this snail shaped bone of the osseous labyrinth houses a long, coiled, tubelike duct of the membranous labyrinth

Answer 37

cochlea

Question 38

the organs of hearing and equilibrium are the main structures found within this portion of the temporal bones

Answer 38

petrous portion

Question 39

vibrations are first picked up by this which is attached directly to the inside surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 39

malleous

Question 40

smallest of the 3 auditory ossicles

Answer 40

stapes

Question 41

the head of the malleus articulates with this central ossicle

Answer 41

incus

Question 42

3 small bones that are prominent structures within the middle ear

Answer 42

auditory ossicles

Question 43

the thin plate of bone that forms the roof of the antrum, aditus, and attic area of the tympanic cavity

Answer 43

tegmen tympani

Question 44

the endolymphatic duct is located both posterior and lateral to what

Answer 44

internal acoustic meatus

Question 45

a blind pouch or closed duct contained in a small, canal-like, bony structure

Answer 45

endolymphatic duct

Question 46

the opening of the external ear canal

Answer 46

EAM

Question 47

the tympanic cavity is divided further into these two parts

Answer 47

- tympanic cavity proper - attic or epitympanic recess

Question 48

bony chamber that houses the membranous labyrinth

Answer 48

osseous labyrinth

Question 49

internal ear is divided into these two main parts

Answer 49

- osseous/bony labyrinth - membranous labyrinth

Question 50

contains the essential sensory apparatus of both hearing and equilibrium

Answer 50

internal ear

Question 51

this auditory ossicle is located slightly anterior to the others

Answer 51

malleus

Question 52

the most lateral auditory ossicle

Answer 52

malleus

Question 53

the osseous (bony) labyrinth is divided into these 3 parts

Answer 53

- cochlea - vestibule - semicircular canals

Question 54

as the oval window moves slightly inward with a vibration, the round window does what

Answer 54

moves outward

Question 55

receives vibrations from the external ear through the distal aspect of the stapes of the middle ear and transmits these vibrations into the vestibule of the internal ear

Answer 55

oval (vestibular) window

Question 56

relate to the sense of equilibrium or direction

Answer 56

semicircular canals

Question 57

relates to the sense of hearing

Answer 57

cochlea

Question 58

located posterior to all the other inner ear structures

Answer 58

semicircular canals

Question 59

the aditus connects directly to a large chamber within the mastoid portion called what

Answer 59

antrum

Question 60

the canal of the endolymphatic duct arises from this and extends to this

Answer 60

- medial wall of the vestibule - posterior wall of the petrous pyramid

Question 61

a series of intercommunicating ducts and sacs

Answer 61

membranous labyrinth