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Positioning 1 > Ch. 11 Organs of Hearing and the Ear > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Organs of Hearing and the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

the center point of the opening of the external ear canal (EAM)

A

auricular point

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2
Q

positioning line used for a specific projection of the facial bones called a modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) projection

A

lipsmeatal line (LML)

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3
Q

complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

A

temporal bones

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4
Q

portion of the temporal that houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium

A

petrous portion (petrous pyramid; pars petrosa)

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5
Q

larger cavity, opposite the eardrum

A

tympanic cavity proper

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6
Q

membrane that allows movement of fluid within the closed duct system of the membranous labyrinth

A

round window

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7
Q

considered part of the middle ear even though it serves as a partition between the external and middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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8
Q

the opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

A

aditus

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9
Q

near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen is an opening/orifice called what; serves to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

A

internal acoustic meatus

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10
Q

many air cells are located within this process

A

mastoid process

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11
Q

irregularly shaped, air-containing cavity located between the external and internal ear

A

middle ear

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12
Q

how long is the external acoustic canal or meatus

A

1” long - half bony structure, half cartilaginous

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13
Q

what are the 3 main parts of the middle ear

A
  • tympanic membrane
  • auditory ossicles
  • tympanic cavity
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14
Q

area above the level of the EAM and the eardrum

A

attic/epitympanic recess

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15
Q

a second direct communication into the middle ear occurs posteriorly to what

A

mastoid air cells

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16
Q

allow a sense of equilibrium as well as a sense of direction

A

semicircular canals

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17
Q

the tympanic cavity communicates anteriorly with the nasopharynx by way of this

A

eustachian tube or auditory tube

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18
Q

what does the eustachian tube serve to do

A

equalize the pressure within the middle ear to the outside atmospheric air pressure through nasopharynx

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19
Q

how long is the eustachian tube

A

1.5” (4cm)

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20
Q

separates the EAM from the epitympanic recess; sharp, bony projection that the tympanic membrane is attached to; structure that is important radiographically

A

drum crest or spur

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21
Q

the small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear

A

tragus

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22
Q

the large flap of ear made of cartilage; external portion of ear

A

auricle or pinna

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23
Q

the eardrum is situated at an oblique angle, forming a depression or well in this part of the meatus

A

lower medial end

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24
Q

the meatus narrows as it meets this

A

tympanic membrane - eardrum

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25
Q

opening or canal of the external ear

A

EAM

26
Q

the small liplike structure located anterior to the EAM, acts as a partial shield to the ear opening

A

tragus

27
Q

the external ear begins with what

A

auricle/pinna

28
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the ear

A
  • external
  • middle
  • internal
29
Q

the structure that houses the semicircular canals

A

vestibule

30
Q

the vestibule contains this window

A

oval window (vestibular window)

31
Q

the auditory ossicles bridge the middle ear cavity to transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this

A

oval window

32
Q

the footplate of the stapes is attached to another membrane called what

A

oval window

33
Q

the incus connects to this stirrup shaped ossicle

A

stapes

34
Q

central portion of the bony labyrinth, contains the oval window

A

vestibule

35
Q

found at the base of the cochlea

A

round window (cochlear window)

36
Q

the most anterior of the 3 parts of the osseous labyrinth

A

cochlea

37
Q

this snail shaped bone of the osseous labyrinth houses a long, coiled, tubelike duct of the membranous labyrinth

A

cochlea

38
Q

the organs of hearing and equilibrium are the main structures found within this portion of the temporal bones

A

petrous portion

39
Q

vibrations are first picked up by this which is attached directly to the inside surface of the tympanic membrane

A

malleous

40
Q

smallest of the 3 auditory ossicles

A

stapes

41
Q

the head of the malleus articulates with this central ossicle

A

incus

42
Q

3 small bones that are prominent structures within the middle ear

A

auditory ossicles

43
Q

the thin plate of bone that forms the roof of the antrum, aditus, and attic area of the tympanic cavity

A

tegmen tympani

44
Q

the endolymphatic duct is located both posterior and lateral to what

A

internal acoustic meatus

45
Q

a blind pouch or closed duct contained in a small, canal-like, bony structure

A

endolymphatic duct

46
Q

the opening of the external ear canal

A

EAM

47
Q

the tympanic cavity is divided further into these two parts

A
  • tympanic cavity proper
  • attic or epitympanic recess
48
Q

bony chamber that houses the membranous labyrinth

A

osseous labyrinth

49
Q

internal ear is divided into these two main parts

A
  • osseous/bony labyrinth
  • membranous labyrinth
50
Q

contains the essential sensory apparatus of both hearing and equilibrium

A

internal ear

51
Q

this auditory ossicle is located slightly anterior to the others

A

malleus

52
Q

the most lateral auditory ossicle

A

malleus

53
Q

the osseous (bony) labyrinth is divided into these 3 parts

A
  • cochlea
  • vestibule
  • semicircular canals
54
Q

as the oval window moves slightly inward with a vibration, the round window does what

A

moves outward

55
Q

receives vibrations from the external ear through the distal aspect of the stapes of the middle ear and transmits these vibrations into the vestibule of the internal ear

A

oval (vestibular) window

56
Q

relate to the sense of equilibrium or direction

A

semicircular canals

57
Q

relates to the sense of hearing

A

cochlea

58
Q

located posterior to all the other inner ear structures

A

semicircular canals

59
Q

the aditus connects directly to a large chamber within the mastoid portion called what

A

antrum

60
Q

the canal of the endolymphatic duct arises from this and extends to this

A
  • medial wall of the vestibule
  • posterior wall of the petrous pyramid
61
Q

a series of intercommunicating ducts and sacs

A

membranous labyrinth

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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