Ch. 3 Abdomen (workbook) Flashcards by Holly c

what position best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen

lateral position

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radiograph of AP abdomen shows the left iliac wing is more narrowed than the right, what is the positioning error

slight rotation into an RPO

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what positioning routine is used to rule out the presence of a kidney stone

KUB

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which projection best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm

PA chest

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recommended overlap when using 2 landscapes places IRs for an AP projection of a supine abdomen

1-2” (3-5 cm)

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the CR for an erect abdomen is placed where

2” (5 cm) above iliac crest

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what decub best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta or unbiblical hernias

dorsal decub

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which decub position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen

left lateral decub

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what body habitus might require 2 landscape IRs to be taken so the entire abdomen is included

hypersthenic

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rotation on a KUB can be determine by loss of symmetry in these 4 things

ischial spines
iliac wings
outer rib margins
obturator foramen - if visible

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where is CR for a supine AP projection of abdomen

on iliac crest

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radiograph shows distended loops of air-filled small intestine

Crohn’s disease

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large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction

volvulus

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deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall on a radiographic image

ulcerative colitis

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thin crest-shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm

pneumoperitoneum

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general abdominal haziness on radiographic image

ascites

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air-filled “coiled spring” appearance

intussusception

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chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction

Crohn’s disease

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a twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction

volvulus

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bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis

adynamic (paralytic) ileus

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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ascites

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telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel

intussusception

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inflammatory condition of the colon

ulcerative colitis

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free air or gas in peritoneal cavity

pneumoperitoneum

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imaging modality used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

ultrasound

preferred imaging modality for examining the gall bladder quickly

ultrasound

gonadal shielding for females - top of shield should be placed _____ and bottom of shield _____

at or slightly above ASIS; symphysis pubis

best mechanism to control involuntary motion

short exposure time

primary cause of involuntary motion in the abdomen

peristaltic action of bowel

what level in iliac crest at

L4-L5

which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3

inferior costal margin

what topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen

symphysis pubis

where are the ischial tuberosities in relation to the symphysis pubis

1 1/2" (1-4 cm) distal

what level is the greater trochanter at

superior border of pubic symphysis

double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach

greater omentum

what structure helps stabilize and support the small intestine

mesentery

organs located posteriorly to or behind the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as

retroperitoneal organs

radiographic study of the entire urinary system

intravenous urogram (IVU)

what endocrine gland is located superomedial to each kidney

suprarenal (adrenal)

where is the pancreas located in relation to the stomach

posteriorly

what two parts of the large intestine is the sigmoid colon located between

descending colon and rectum

what quadrant does the large intestine begin and what is that saclike area called

RLQ; cecum

which portion of the small intestine is considered the longest

ileum

the medical pre-fix for stomach

gastro-

two large muscles found on the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra that are usually visible on an AP radiograph

psoas muscles

helps hold the end of the duodenum up; connects duodenum to the diaphragm

ligament of treitz

study of collecting system of the kidneys

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

which organ is considered part of the lymphatic system

spleen

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the liver

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the gallbladder

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the spleen

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the stomach

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the jejunum

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the ileum

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the cecum

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the transverse colon

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the sigmoid colon

intraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the kidneys

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the ureters

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the adrenal glands

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the pancreas

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the duodenum

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the ascending and descending colon

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the upper rectum

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the major abdominal blood vessels

retroperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the lower rectum

infraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the urinary bladder

infraperitoneal

in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the reproductive organs

infraperitoneal

what quadrant is the liver in

RUQ

what quadrant is the gallbladder in

RUQ

what quadrant is the hepatic flexure in

RUQ

what quadrant is the duodenum in

RUQ

what quadrant is the head of the pancreas in

RUQ

what quadrant is the right kidney in

RUQ

what quadrant is the right suprarenal gland in

RUQ

what quadrant is the spleen in

LUQ

what quadrant is the stomach in

LUQ

what quadrant is the splenic flexure in

LUQ

what quadrant is the tail of the pancreas in

LUQ

what quadrant is the left kidney in

LUQ

what quadrant is the left suprarenal gland in

LUQ

what quadrant is the ascending colon in

RLQ

what quadrant is the appendix in

RLQ

what quadrant is the cecum in

RLQ

what quadrant is the 2/3 ileum in

RLQ

what quadrant is the ileocecal valve in

RLQ

what quadrant is the descending colon in

LLQ

what quadrant is the sigmoid colon in

LLQ

what quadrant is the 2/3 of jejunum in

LLQ

primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen

peristaltic motion of the intestines

T/F for an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph

false

gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above ___, with the bottom at the ___

ASIS, symphysis pubis

T/F a radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort

true

with the use of iodinated contrast, this imaging modality can distinguish between a simple cyst and a tumor of the liver

preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly

ultrasound

used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

ultrasound

where is CR for a supine AP projection of the abdomen

iliac crest

rotation on a KUB can be determined by symmetric appearance of what

iliac wings, obturator foramina, ischial spines, outer rib margins

T/F a tall asthenic patient may require two IRs placed portrait so that the entire abdomen is included

true

this structure is not visible on a properly exposed KUB

pancreas

which decubitus of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen

left lateral decubitus

which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias

dorsal decubitus

which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen

lateral position

which projection of the acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm

PA chest

to ensure diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection, the CR should be at the level of ___, which places the top collimation at the level of the ___

2" above iliac crest, axilla

recommended overlap when using two landscape IRs for an AP projection of the supine abdomen of an obese patient

1-2" (3-5 cm)

what scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray

long-scale