Ch. 3 Abdomen (workbook) Flashcards
what position best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen
lateral position
radiograph of AP abdomen shows the left iliac wing is more narrowed than the right, what is the positioning error
slight rotation into an RPO
what positioning routine is used to rule out the presence of a kidney stone
KUB
which projection best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm
PA chest
recommended overlap when using 2 landscapes places IRs for an AP projection of a supine abdomen
1-2” (3-5 cm)
the CR for an erect abdomen is placed where
2” (5 cm) above iliac crest
what decub best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta or unbiblical hernias
dorsal decub
which decub position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen
left lateral decub
what body habitus might require 2 landscape IRs to be taken so the entire abdomen is included
hypersthenic
rotation on a KUB can be determine by loss of symmetry in these 4 things
- ischial spines
- iliac wings
- outer rib margins
- obturator foramen - if visible
where is CR for a supine AP projection of abdomen
on iliac crest
radiograph shows distended loops of air-filled small intestine
Crohn’s disease
large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction
volvulus
deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall on a radiographic image
ulcerative colitis
thin crest-shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm
pneumoperitoneum
general abdominal haziness on radiographic image
ascites
air-filled “coiled spring” appearance
intussusception
chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction
Crohn’s disease
a twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction
volvulus
bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis
adynamic (paralytic) ileus
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel
intussusception
inflammatory condition of the colon
ulcerative colitis
free air or gas in peritoneal cavity
pneumoperitoneum
imaging modality used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
ultrasound
preferred imaging modality for examining the gall bladder quickly
ultrasound
gonadal shielding for females - top of shield should be placed _____ and bottom of shield _____
at or slightly above ASIS; symphysis pubis
best mechanism to control involuntary motion
short exposure time
primary cause of involuntary motion in the abdomen
peristaltic action of bowel
what level in iliac crest at
L4-L5
which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3
inferior costal margin
what topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen
symphysis pubis
where are the ischial tuberosities in relation to the symphysis pubis
1 1/2” (1-4 cm) distal
what level is the greater trochanter at
superior border of pubic symphysis
double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach
greater omentum
what structure helps stabilize and support the small intestine
mesentery
organs located posteriorly to or behind the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as
retroperitoneal organs
radiographic study of the entire urinary system
intravenous urogram (IVU)
what endocrine gland is located superomedial to each kidney
suprarenal (adrenal)
where is the pancreas located in relation to the stomach
posteriorly
what two parts of the large intestine is the sigmoid colon located between
descending colon and rectum
what quadrant does the large intestine begin and what is that saclike area called
RLQ; cecum
which portion of the small intestine is considered the longest
ileum
the medical pre-fix for stomach
gastro-
two large muscles found on the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra that are usually visible on an AP radiograph
psoas muscles
helps hold the end of the duodenum up; connects duodenum to the diaphragm
ligament of treitz
study of collecting system of the kidneys
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
which organ is considered part of the lymphatic system
spleen
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the liver
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the gallbladder
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the spleen
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the stomach
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the jejunum
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the ileum
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the cecum
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the transverse colon
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the sigmoid colon
intraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the kidneys
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the ureters
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the adrenal glands
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the pancreas
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the duodenum
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the ascending and descending colon
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the upper rectum
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the major abdominal blood vessels
retroperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the lower rectum
infraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where is the urinary bladder
infraperitoneal
in accordance to the peritoneal cavity where are the reproductive organs
infraperitoneal
what quadrant is the liver in
RUQ
what quadrant is the gallbladder in
RUQ
what quadrant is the hepatic flexure in
RUQ
what quadrant is the duodenum in
RUQ
what quadrant is the head of the pancreas in
RUQ
what quadrant is the right kidney in
RUQ
what quadrant is the right suprarenal gland in
RUQ
what quadrant is the spleen in
LUQ
what quadrant is the stomach in
LUQ
what quadrant is the splenic flexure in
LUQ
what quadrant is the tail of the pancreas in
LUQ
what quadrant is the left kidney in
LUQ
what quadrant is the left suprarenal gland in
LUQ
what quadrant is the ascending colon in
RLQ
what quadrant is the appendix in
RLQ
what quadrant is the cecum in
RLQ
what quadrant is the 2/3 ileum in
RLQ
what quadrant is the ileocecal valve in
RLQ
what quadrant is the descending colon in
LLQ
what quadrant is the sigmoid colon in
LLQ
what quadrant is the 2/3 of jejunum in
LLQ
primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen
peristaltic motion of the intestines
T/F for an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph
false
gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above ___, with the bottom at the ___
ASIS, symphysis pubis
T/F a radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort
true
with the use of iodinated contrast, this imaging modality can distinguish between a simple cyst and a tumor of the liver
CT
preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly
ultrasound
used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
ultrasound
where is CR for a supine AP projection of the abdomen
iliac crest
rotation on a KUB can be determined by symmetric appearance of what
iliac wings, obturator foramina, ischial spines, outer rib margins
T/F a tall asthenic patient may require two IRs placed portrait so that the entire abdomen is included
true
this structure is not visible on a properly exposed KUB
pancreas
which decubitus of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen
left lateral decubitus
which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias
dorsal decubitus
which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen
lateral position
which projection of the acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm
PA chest
to ensure diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection, the CR should be at the level of ___, which places the top collimation at the level of the ___
2” above iliac crest, axilla
recommended overlap when using two landscape IRs for an AP projection of the supine abdomen of an obese patient
1-2” (3-5 cm)
what scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray
long-scale