Ch. 19 Special Radiographic Procedures Workbook Flashcards by Holly c

what is the most common pathologic indication for the HSG

assessment of female inferitility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what spinal space is the contrast medium introduced into during myelography

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

can skeletal surveys be performed as the initial imaging procedure

yes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

image produced during a tomographic procedure

tomograph

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the pivot point of the connecting rod between tube and IR

fulcrum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where is the most preferred puncture sire for myelography

lumbar (L3-L4)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are postoperative (t-tube) cholangiograms generally performed

in radiology department

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what procedure may be performed during a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram

removal of a biliary stone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how many images may be acquired in one sweep during DTS

as many as 60 images

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a postoperative (t-tube) cholangiogram is usually performed after what

cholecystectomy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the other 2 clinical indication for HSG, other than female infertility

demonstration of intrauterine pathology
evaluation of the uterine tubes after tubal ligation or reconstructive surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

will objects closer or further to the objective plane experience maximum blurring

away from (further)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what position is performed to demonstrate the region of C7 during a cervical myelogram

cervicothoracic (swimmer’s) lateral using a horizontal beam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which classification of joints are studied with arthography

synovial joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the tomographic blurring principle

movement of tube and IR will blur objects further from the fulcrum level or objective plane, objects closer and those parallel to tube travel will remain station and experience little to no blurring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

other than conventional radiography of synovial joints (arthrography), which imaging procedure is preferred by physicians for studying synovial joints

MRI or CT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

after contrast medium is introduced into the knee joint should the knee be flexed at all

yes in order to distribute contrast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why is a large positioning block placed under the abdomen for a lumbar puncture in the prone position

for spinal flexion to widen the interspinous spaces to facilitate needle placement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

to reduce patient anxiety, a sedative is usually administered how long before the procedure

1 hour

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

as exposure angle decreases, what does it do to slice thickness

thicker slice (thick cut)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which type of contrast medium is most commonly used for myelography

nonionic water-soluble, iodine based

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what contrast medium is preferred by most radiologist for an HSG

water soluble iodinated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is a hysterosalpinogram (HSG) a radiographic study of

uterus and uterine tubes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

special type of imaging that is used to obtain a diagnostic image of a specific layer of tissue or an object that is superimposed by other tissues or objects

tomography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how is contrast medium removed from the body after myelography

excreted by kidneys

to help facilitate the flow of contrast media into the uterine cavity, what position is the patient placed following the injection of contrast media

slight trendelenburg

where does fertilization of the ovum occur

in the uterine tibe

myelography has been largely replaced by this

MRI and CT

postoperative (t-tube) cholangiograms are usually performed to detect what

biliary stones

what is the major reason hip to ankle long bone measurement studies are conducted

to determine limb length discrepancies and lower limb extremity alignment

what is the largest division of the uterus

corpus (body)

where is the CR for a projection taken during an HSG using a 10x12 IR

2" superior to symphysis pubis

what is myelography a radiographic study of

spinal cord and nerve root branches

T/F - the bucky tray lock must be securely locked before a tomographic exposure

false

T/F - anatomy at the fulcrum level becomes blurred and difficult to see on a radiograph

false

nonionic water-soluble iodine based contrast provides good radiopacity up to how long after injection

1 hour

what is the most common clinical indication for myelography

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

to gain max blurring of the body of the sternum in tomography, how should it be placed to tube movement

perpendicular

what is the distal aspect of the uterus extending to the vagina

cervix

if surgery is indicated, how might long bone measurement imaging help with planning

to determine hardware needs and prothesis or appliance placement

what are the 2 routine projections for conventional radiographic projections used for knee arthrography

Ap and lateral

what exposure angle is recommended for a large structure or a thick cut

<(or equal to) 10 degrees

what radiographic tools may be used to promote even x-ray absorption from hip to ankle with long bone measurements

a wedge filter or anode-heel effect

on average, how many exposures are taken of each meniscus during fluoroscopy of the knee

9 images per meniscus

is blurring a desired outcome of tomography

yes

what is the general name for the conjoined tendons of the 4 major shoulder muscles

rotator cuff

what type of needle is commonly used for shoulder arthograms

2 3/4 - 3 1/2" spinal needle

what is an example of nontraumatic pathology of the knee joint indicating arthrography

Baker cyst

what type of radiographic table must be used for myelography

90/45 degree or 90/90 degree tilting table

what are 3 clinical indications for a shoulder arthogram

- chronic pain - general weakness - suspected tear in the rotator cuff

radiographic skeletal surveys may be performed following a positive finding on this

radionuclide bone scan

where are the 2 common puncture sites for contrast media injection during myelography

- lumbar (L3-L4) - cervical (C1-C2)

myelography of which spinal regions is the most common

cervical and lumbar

what is the minimum exposure time required to produce a breathing lateral projection of the t-spine

2 seconds

the plane or section of the object that is clear and in relative focus

object (focal) plane

what are the 4 common contraindications for myelography

- blood in the cerebrospinal fluid - arachnoiditis - increased intracranial pressure - recent lumbar puncture (within 2 weeks)

what is the name of the radiographic procedure of examining the biliary and main pancreatic ducts

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP)

what type of special endoscope is commonly used for an ERCP

duodenoscope or video endoscope

what member of the health care team usually performs an ERCP

gastroenterologist

what are the 2 primary contraindications for arthrography of any joint

- allergic reactions to iodine-based contrast media - allergic reactions to local anesthetics

what are the 4 factors that determine amount of blurring

- distance of object from the objective plane - exposure angle or amplitude - OID - alignment of anatomic part to tube movement

why should a patient be NPO at least 1 hour after an ERCP

prevent aspiration of food or liquids into lungs

why should the patient's head and neck remain hyperextended during cervical myelography

to keep contrast from entering the cranial subarachnoid space

what are the 6 projections frequently taken during a shoulder arthrogram

- AP scout - AP internal rotation - AP external rotation - glenoid fossa (grashey) - transaxillary (inferosuperior) - intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus

what is the patient's general body position for a cervical puncture

erect or prone

using an exposure angle of < or equal to 10 degrees

thick cut

what is the normal appearance of synovial fluid

clear and tinged yellow

what is the uterus situated between

rectosigmoid colon posteriorly and urinary bladder anteriorly

the are of distortion of objects outside the objective plane

blur

what are the 4 divisions of the uterus

- fundus - corpus (body) - isthmus - cervix

in addition to the supine position, what 2 other positions may be imaged to adequately visualize the pertinent anatomy for an HSG

LPO and RPO

which 2 blood chemistry values must be checked before a postoperative (t-tube) cholangiogram

- BUN (blood, urea, nitrogen) - creatinine

what are the 4 common lesions or clinical indications demonstrated during myelography

- herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) - cancerous or benign tumors - cysts - possible bone fragments

what is the contrast media for a t-tube cholangiogram occasionally diluted before injection

if it's too concentrated it may obscure small stones in the biliary ducts

what are the 2 types of contrast media used for a knee arthogram

- positive/radiopaque such as iodinated water soluble - negative/radiolucent such as air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide

if the patient is in an AP position but the biliary ducts are superimposed over the spine, which position will move it away from spine

RPO

what are the 3 layers of tissue that form the uterus (from inner most to outer most)

- endometrium - myometrium - serosa

what is the recommended SID for long bone measurement studies of hip to ankle

120"

how many degrees of rotation of the leg are used between exposures of the meniscus

20 degrees

how far apart should the lateral malleoli be with the patient standing for long bone measurement images

20 cm

what is the angle and placement of the CR for hip to ankle long bone measurement images

perpendicular to the knee joint

what are the 3 common forms of knee injury that may require arthrography

- tears of joint capsule - tears of menisci - tears of ligaments

what is the main advantage of DTS over conventional tomography

structures in each plane are more clearly visible with out interference of tissue in front and back

radiographic images that encompass the entire skeleton or those regions appropriate for the clinical indications

skeletal survery

the distal portion of the uterine tube opens into this

peritoneal cavity

what are some indications for a skeletal survery

to accurately identify the focal and diffuse abnormalities of the skeletal such as evaluation of fxs, bone lesions, metabolic bone disease, skeletal dysplasia, developmental changes

what term is used to describe the "degree of openness" of the uterine tube

patency

the distance from tabletop to fulcrum

fulcrum level

multiple very low-dose x-ray projection images acquired from different angles during a single linear sweep of the x-ray tube across a stationary detector

digital tomosynthesis (DTS)

the thickness of the objective or focal plane

sectional thickness

what is the patient's general body position for a lumbar puncture

prone or left lateral

what projections are normally taken during a thoracic spine myelography

R and L lateral decubs and R or L lateral with vertical beam

what condition of the pancreas may contraindicate an ERCP

pseudocyst

what projections are taken for a cervical myelography

- horizontal bream lateral (prone) - horizontal beam cervicothoracic lateral (swimmers)

what projections are typically taken for a lumbar myelography

semierect horizontal beam lateral (prone)

which locks on the x-ray tube must be opened or unlocked during linear tomography

- longitudinal tube - bucky tray - angle locks

what dosage range of contrast medium is usually injected for myelography

9-15 mL

a tomographic principle in which the anatomic structure moves but the IR/tube remain stationary

orthostatic breathing technique

what 4 aspects of shoulder anatomy are demonstrated with shoulder arthrography

- joint capsule - rotator cuff - long tendon of biceps muscle - articular cartilage

what are the 4 common adjustments or features found on the tomographic control panel

- tube travel speed - tube angle - tube center - fulcrum

what are the 3 common types of lesions that can be demonstrated during an HSG

- endometrial polyps - uterine fibroids - intrauterine adhesions

the total distance that the x-ray tube travels during the actual exposure

exposure angle (exposure amplitude)

what device might be needed to aid the insertion and fixation of the cannula or catheter during the HSG

tenaculum