Ch. 7 Femur and Pelvic Girdle Pathology Flashcards
the first effect demonstrated is fusion of the sacroiliac joints. This disease causes extensive calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spinal column. it is progressive, working up the vertebra, column and creating a radiographic characteristic known as bamboo spine. males are most often affected
ankylosing spondylitis
these fractures cause extreme pain and are difficult to diagnose if not imaged properly. fractures occur in adolescent athletes who experience sudden forceful, or unbalanced contraction of the tendonous and muscular attachments, such as might occur while running hurdles. the force of the tendons and muscles sliding over the tuberosities, ASIS, anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), superior corner of the symphysis pubis, and iliac crest may cause this
avulsion fractures of the pelvis
a malignant tumor of the cartilage, it usually occurs in the pelvis and long bones of men older than 45 years. it may be surgically removed if it does not respond to radiation or chemotherapy
chondrosarcoma
hip dislocation caused by conditions present at birth and may require frequent hip radiographs
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH)
most common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis. lesions typically involve only one hip (head and neck of femur). disease occurs predominantly in 5 to 10 year old boys, and a limp is usually the first clinical sign. radiographically appears as flattened femoral head that later can appear fragmented
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
the malignancy spreads to the bone via the circulatory system or lymphatic system, or by direct invasion. bones that contain red bone marrow are the more common sites
metastatic carcinoma
degeneration of joint cartilage and adjacent bone causing pain and stiffness. most common type of arthritis and may be considered a normal part of the aging process. it is common in weight-bearing joints such as the hips, and first evidence is seen on radiographic images of joints such as the hips before symptoms develop, in many persons by age 40
osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease (DJD)
because of the closed ring structure of the pelvis, a severe blow3 or trauma to one side of the pelvis may result in a fracture opposite from the site of primary trauma, thus requiring clear radiographic visualization of the entire pelvis
pelvic ring fractures
injury the is opposite to the actual site of impaction
contrecoup injury
these fractures are most common in older adult or geriatric patients with osteoporosis or avascular necrosis. both osteoporosis and avascular necrosis frequently lead to weakening or collapse of weight-bearing joints such as the hip
proximal femur (hip) fractures
this condition usually occurs in 10 to 16 year old’s during rapid growth, when even minor trauma can precipitate its development. the epiphysis appears shorter and the epiphyseal plate wider, with smaller margins
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
occurs in bones already weakened by pre-existing condition
pathologic fracture
the bone is broken into 3 or more fragments - common in long bones such as the femur
comminuted fracture
the break coils around the bone - common in femur fractures
spiral/torsion fracture
a hereditary condition in which failure of he resorptive mechanism of calcified cartilage interferes with its normal replacement by mature bone. Results in a symmetric, generalized increase in bone density
osteopetrosis (marble bone)
wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid - they are asymptomatic - appears as a lucent, oval shape with the long axis parallel to the host bone
bone cyst
inherited generalized disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures and blue sclera - patients suffer repeated fractures caused by the severe osteoporosis and the thin, defective cortices
osteogenesis imperfecta
a bony fragment is wedged into another fragment, Common in hip and shoulder fractures
impacted fracture
results from the loss of blood supply - the femoral head is the most frequent site of it - often necessary to obtain two radiographs in patients with this condition. The first is taken with normal density, whereas the second is made with increased kVp to allow for adequate penetration of the more opaque ischemic bone
ischemic necrosis
congenital dislocation of hip
developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
associated with ischemic necrosis of bone. Ischemia results from poor blood supply to the bone. Affects the epiphyses and may be mistaken for tuberculosis of the skeletal system. Tends to occur in males between the ages of 5 to 10 years and often follows injury to the affected hip. Radiographically the bone in the center o the epiphysis is fragmented and the head of the femur is flattened
legg-perthes disease
partial dislocation
subluxation
full dislocation
luxation
the most common benign bone tumor - arises from the growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones (metaphysis). most commonly involves the lower femur or upper tibia and is capped by growing cartilage. Many times it is asymptomatic unless the affected long bone is traumatized which results in a pathologic fracture of the diseased bone
osteochondroma (exostosis)
