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Positioning 1 > Ch. 11 Skull > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Skull Flashcards

1
Q

the skull is divided into these two sets of bones, how many are in each

A

8 cranial bones
14 facial bones

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2
Q

the bones of the cranium are divided into these two sections

A
  • calvarium (skullcap)
  • floor
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3
Q

what are the bones of the floor of the skull

A
  • right temporal
  • left temporal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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3
Q

what are the bones of the calvarium (skullcap)

A
  • frontal
  • left parietal
  • right parietal
  • occipital
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3
Q

what are the two main parts of the frontal bone

A
  • squamous/vertical portion
  • orbital/horizontal portion
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4
Q

this main part forms the forehead

A

squamous/vertical portion

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5
Q

this main part forms the superior part of the orbit

A

orbital/horizontal portion

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6
Q

smooth, raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose

A

glabella

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7
Q

slight depression above each eyebrow

A

supraorbital groove (SOG)

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8
Q

the supraorbital groove (SOG) corresponds to what

A

floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault

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9
Q

what is the supraorbital groove (SOG) also at the level as

A

orbital plate (highest level of the facial bone mass)

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10
Q

superior rim of each orbit

A

supraorbital margin (SOM)

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11
Q

small hole or opening within the SOM slightly medial to its midpoint

A

supraorbital notch (foramen)

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12
Q

what passes through the supraorbital notch

A

supraorbital nerve and artery

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13
Q

on each side of the squamous portion of the frontal bone above the SOG is a larger, rounded prominence called what

A

frontal tuberosity (eminence)

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14
Q

what does the orbital/horizontal portion of the frontal bone consist of

A
  • supraorbital margin (SOM)
  • superciliary ridges
  • glabella
  • frontal tuberosities
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15
Q

forms the superior part of each orbit

A

orbital plate

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16
Q

each orbital plate is separated from the other by this

A

ethmoidal notch

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17
Q

what bones do the frontal bone articulate with

A

4 cranial bones
- R and L parietals
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
(8 facial bones)

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18
Q

the lateral walls of the cranium and part of the roof are formed by these bones

A

parietal bones

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19
Q

these bones are roughly square and have a concave internal surface

A

parietal bones

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20
Q

where is the widest portion of the entire skull located

A

between parietal tubercles (eminences) of the parietal bones

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21
Q

where are the greater wings of the sphenoid located in relation to the parietals

A

inferior and anterior

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22
Q

what bones do the parietals articulate with

A

5 cranial bones
- frontal
- occipital
- temporal
- sphenoid
- opposite parietal

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23
Q

the inferoposterior portion of the calvarium is formed by this

A

occipital bone

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24
Q

the external surface of the occipital bone presents a rounded part called what

A

squamous portion

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25
Q

prominent bump or protuberance at the inferoposterior portion of the skull

A

occipital protuberance, or inion

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26
Q

forms most of the back of the head and is the part of the occipital bone that is superior to the external occipital protuberance, or inion

A

squamous portion

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27
Q

the large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes as it leaves the brain

A

foramen magnum

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28
Q

oval processes with convex surfaces, with one on each side of the foramen magnum

A

two lateral condylar portions (occipital condyles)

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29
Q

what is the two part articulation between the skull and the cervical spine called

A

atlantooccipital joint

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30
Q

what type of joints are the atlantooccipital joints

A

ellipsoidal joints

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31
Q

what bones does the occipital bone articulate with

A

6 bones
- 2 parietals
- 2 temporals
- sphenoid
- atlas

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32
Q

complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

A

temporal bones

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33
Q

what are the temporal bones situated between

A
  • greater wings of sphenoid anteriorly
  • occipital bone posteriorly
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34
Q

extending anteriorly from the squamous portion of the temporal bone is an arch of bone called what

A

zygomatic process

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35
Q

the zygomatic process meets the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form this

A

zygomatic arch

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36
Q

inferior to the zygomatic process and just anterior to the external acoustic (auditory) meatus (EAM) is what

A

temporomandibular (TM) fossa

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37
Q

projecting inferior to the mandible and anterior to the EAM is a slender bony projection called what

A

styloid process

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38
Q

how many sections is the temporal bone divided into

A

3 primary parts
- squamous
- mastoid
- petrous

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39
Q

thin upper portion of the temporal bone that forms part of the wall of the skull; quite thin and most vulnerable portion of the entire skull to fracture

A

squamous portion

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40
Q

most vulnerable portion of the entire skull to fracture

A

squamous portion of the temporal bone

41
Q

area posterior to the EAM

A

mastoid portion

42
Q

many air cells are located within this process

A

mastoid process

43
Q

portion of the temporal that houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium

A

petrous portion (petrous pyramid; pars petrosa)

44
Q

the upper border or ridge of the petrous pyramids is commonly called what

A

petrous ridge (petrous apex)

45
Q

thickest and densest bone in the cranium

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

46
Q

these project anteriorly and toward the midline from the area of the EAM

A

petrous pyramids

47
Q

the petrous ridge of the petrous pyramids corresponds to the level of what important external landmark

A

TEA (top of the ear attachment)

48
Q

near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen is an opening/orifice called what; serves to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

A

internal acoustic meatus

49
Q

these are located at the base of the cranium and are where the internal jugular veins are formed and 3 cranial nerves (IX, X, XI) pass

A

bilateral jugular foramina

50
Q

what bones do each temporal bone articulate with

A

3 cranial bones
- parietal
- occipital
- sphenoid
(2 facial bones)

51
Q

this bone forms the anchor for the other 7 cranial bones

A

sphenoid bone

52
Q

central portion of the sphenoid bone which lies in the midline of the floor of the cranium and contains the sphenoid sinus

53
Q

the central depression on the body of the sphenoid bone

A

sella turcica

54
Q

the sella turcica partially surrounds and protects what major gland of the body

A

hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland)

55
Q

posterior to the sella turcica, the back of the saddle

A

dorsum sellae

56
Q

shallow depression that begins on the posteroinferior aspect of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone and extends posteriorly to the foramen magnum at the base of the occipital bone

57
Q

the clivus forms a base of support for what

A

pons and basilar artery

58
Q

the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone end medially with what

A

anterior clinoid processes

59
Q

these project laterally from the superoanterior portion of the body of the sphenoid and extend to the middle of each orbit

A

lesser wings

60
Q

these extend laterally from the sides of the body of the sphenoid and form a portion of the floor of the cranium and a portion of the sides of the cranium

A

greater wings

61
Q

how many foramina exist in the greater wings of the sphenoid for cranial nerves

A

3 pairs (6 total)

62
Q

what are the names of the 3 pairs of foramina on the greater wing of the sphenoid from anterior to posterior

A
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
63
Q

which clinoid processes are larger and spread farther apart

A

anterior clinoid processes

64
Q

these extend superiorly from the dorsum sellae

A

posterior clinoid processes

65
Q

between the anterior body and the lesser wings of the sphenoid on each side are groove like canals, the canals begin in the center as what

A

chiasmatic or optic groove

66
Q

the chiasmatic or optic groove leads on each side to what

A

optic canal

67
Q

what does the optic canal end at

A

optic foramen (opening in the orbit)

68
Q

slightly lateral and posterior to the optic foramina on each side are irregularly shaped openings called what

A

superior orbital fissures

69
Q

what are the more lateral, flat extensions projecting downward from inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid called

A

lateral pterygoid processes

70
Q

directly medial to the lateral pterygoid processes are these

A

medial pterygoid processes

71
Q

the medial pterygoid processes end inferiorly in small hooklike processes called what

A

pterygoid hamuli

72
Q

these form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

A

pterygoid processes/plates

73
Q

deformity of the sella turcica is often an indication of what

A

lesion exists intracranially

74
Q

what imaging modality may be performed to detect deformity of the sella turcica

A

CT and MRI

75
Q

what bones does the sphenoid articulate with

A

all 7 cranial bones
(5 facial bones)

76
Q

what is the small upper horizontal portion of the ethmoid

A

cribriform plate

77
Q

the cribriform plate contains many small foramina through which segmental branches of what pass through

A

olfactory nerves (nerves of smell)

78
Q

projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate

A

crista galli

79
Q

projecting downward in the midline of the ethmoid is this which helps to form the bony nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

80
Q

these are suspended from the undersurface of the cribriform plate on each side of the perpendicular plate

A

lateral labyrinths (masses)

81
Q

these contain the ethmoid air cells or sinuses and help to form the medial walls of the orbits and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

lateral masses

82
Q

extending medially and downward from the medial wall of each labyrinth are thin, scroll-shaped projections of bone called what

A

superior and middle nasal conchae or turbinates

83
Q

what bones does the ethmoid articulate with

A

2 cranial bones
- sphenoid
- frontal
(11 facial bones)

84
Q

this forms the upper portion of the bony nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

85
Q

what are the articulations/joints of the cranium called

86
Q

what type of joints are sutures

A

fibrous - synarthrodial (adult)

87
Q

this separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones

A

coronal suture

88
Q

this separates the two parietal bones in the midline

A

sagittal suture

89
Q

posteriorly, this separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone

A

lambdoidal suture

90
Q

inferior junctions of the two parietal bones with their respective temporal bones

A

squamosal sutures

91
Q

what is the anterior end of the sagittal suture called

92
Q

what is the posterior end of the sagittal suture called

93
Q

points at the junction of the frontal, parietals, temporals, and greater wings of the sphenoid (posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture)

94
Q

points posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lambdoidal sutures meet

95
Q

certain regions where sutures joining are slower in ossification are called what

96
Q

when do cranial sutures ossify completely

A

mid-late 20s (sometimes 5th decade of life)

97
Q

these are termed the anterior and posterior fontanels in infants

A

bregma and lambda

98
Q

which is the largest fontanel and how big is it at birth

A

anterior fontanel
1” wide, 1.5” (4cm) long

99
Q

when does the anterior fontanel completely close

100
Q

what are the 2 smaller fontanels that close soon after birth

A

sphenoid (pterion)
mastoid (asterion)

101
Q

certain small, irregular bones sometimes develop in adult skull sutures called what

A

sutural/wormian bones

102
Q

where are sutural/wormian bones most often found

A

lambdoidal suture (occasionally in regions of the fontanels especially posterior)

Positioning 1 (53 decks)

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