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Positioning 1 > Ch. 11 Skull > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Skull Flashcards

1
Q

the skull is divided into these two sets of bones, how many are in each

A

8 cranial bones
14 facial bones

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2
Q

the bones of the cranium are divided into these two sections

A
  • calvarium (skullcap)
  • floor
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3
Q

what are the bones of the floor of the skull

A
  • right temporal
  • left temporal
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
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3
Q

what are the bones of the calvarium (skullcap)

A
  • frontal
  • left parietal
  • right parietal
  • occipital
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3
Q

what are the two main parts of the frontal bone

A
  • squamous/vertical portion
  • orbital/horizontal portion
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4
Q

this main part forms the forehead

A

squamous/vertical portion

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5
Q

this main part forms the superior part of the orbit

A

orbital/horizontal portion

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6
Q

smooth, raised prominence between the eyebrows just above the bridge of the nose

A

glabella

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7
Q

slight depression above each eyebrow

A

supraorbital groove (SOG)

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8
Q

the supraorbital groove (SOG) corresponds to what

A

floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault

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9
Q

what is the supraorbital groove (SOG) also at the level as

A

orbital plate (highest level of the facial bone mass)

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10
Q

superior rim of each orbit

A

supraorbital margin (SOM)

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11
Q

small hole or opening within the SOM slightly medial to its midpoint

A

supraorbital notch (foramen)

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12
Q

what passes through the supraorbital notch

A

supraorbital nerve and artery

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13
Q

on each side of the squamous portion of the frontal bone above the SOG is a larger, rounded prominence called what

A

frontal tuberosity (eminence)

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14
Q

what does the orbital/horizontal portion of the frontal bone consist of

A
  • supraorbital margin (SOM)
  • superciliary ridges
  • glabella
  • frontal tuberosities
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15
Q

forms the superior part of each orbit

A

orbital plate

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16
Q

each orbital plate is separated from the other by this

A

ethmoidal notch

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17
Q

what bones do the frontal bone articulate with

A

4 cranial bones
- R and L parietals
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
(8 facial bones)

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18
Q

the lateral walls of the cranium and part of the roof are formed by these bones

A

parietal bones

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19
Q

these bones are roughly square and have a concave internal surface

A

parietal bones

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20
Q

where is the widest portion of the entire skull located

A

between parietal tubercles (eminences) of the parietal bones

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21
Q

where are the greater wings of the sphenoid located in relation to the parietals

A

inferior and anterior

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22
Q

what bones do the parietals articulate with

A

5 cranial bones
- frontal
- occipital
- temporal
- sphenoid
- opposite parietal

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23
Q

the inferoposterior portion of the calvarium is formed by this

A

occipital bone

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24
Q

the external surface of the occipital bone presents a rounded part called what

A

squamous portion

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25
Q

prominent bump or protuberance at the inferoposterior portion of the skull

A

occipital protuberance, or inion

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26
Q

forms most of the back of the head and is the part of the occipital bone that is superior to the external occipital protuberance, or inion

A

squamous portion

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27
Q

the large opening at the base of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes as it leaves the brain

A

foramen magnum

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28
Q

oval processes with convex surfaces, with one on each side of the foramen magnum

A

two lateral condylar portions (occipital condyles)

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29
Q

what is the two part articulation between the skull and the cervical spine called

A

atlantooccipital joint

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30
Q

what type of joints are the atlantooccipital joints

A

ellipsoidal joints

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31
Q

what bones does the occipital bone articulate with

A

6 bones
- 2 parietals
- 2 temporals
- sphenoid
- atlas

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32
Q

complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

A

temporal bones

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33
Q

what are the temporal bones situated between

A
  • greater wings of sphenoid anteriorly
  • occipital bone posteriorly
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34
Q

extending anteriorly from the squamous portion of the temporal bone is an arch of bone called what

A

zygomatic process

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35
Q

the zygomatic process meets the temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form this

A

zygomatic arch

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36
Q

inferior to the zygomatic process and just anterior to the external acoustic (auditory) meatus (EAM) is what

A

temporomandibular (TM) fossa

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37
Q

projecting inferior to the mandible and anterior to the EAM is a slender bony projection called what

A

styloid process

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38
Q

how many sections is the temporal bone divided into

A

3 primary parts
- squamous
- mastoid
- petrous

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39
Q

thin upper portion of the temporal bone that forms part of the wall of the skull; quite thin and most vulnerable portion of the entire skull to fracture

A

squamous portion

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40
Q

most vulnerable portion of the entire skull to fracture

A

squamous portion of the temporal bone

41
Q

area posterior to the EAM

A

mastoid portion

42
Q

many air cells are located within this process

A

mastoid process

43
Q

portion of the temporal that houses the organs of hearing and equilibrium

A

petrous portion (petrous pyramid; pars petrosa)

44
Q

the upper border or ridge of the petrous pyramids is commonly called what

A

petrous ridge (petrous apex)

45
Q

thickest and densest bone in the cranium

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

46
Q

these project anteriorly and toward the midline from the area of the EAM

A

petrous pyramids

47
Q

the petrous ridge of the petrous pyramids corresponds to the level of what important external landmark

A

TEA (top of the ear attachment)

48
Q

near the center of the petrous pyramid on the posterior surface just superior to the jugular foramen is an opening/orifice called what; serves to transmit the nerves of hearing and equilibrium

A

internal acoustic meatus

49
Q

these are located at the base of the cranium and are where the internal jugular veins are formed and 3 cranial nerves (IX, X, XI) pass

A

bilateral jugular foramina

50
Q

what bones do each temporal bone articulate with

A

3 cranial bones
- parietal
- occipital
- sphenoid
(2 facial bones)

51
Q

this bone forms the anchor for the other 7 cranial bones

A

sphenoid bone

52
Q

central portion of the sphenoid bone which lies in the midline of the floor of the cranium and contains the sphenoid sinus

A

body

53
Q

the central depression on the body of the sphenoid bone

A

sella turcica

54
Q

the sella turcica partially surrounds and protects what major gland of the body

A

hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland)

55
Q

posterior to the sella turcica, the back of the saddle

A

dorsum sellae

56
Q

shallow depression that begins on the posteroinferior aspect of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone and extends posteriorly to the foramen magnum at the base of the occipital bone

A

clivus

57
Q

the clivus forms a base of support for what

A

pons and basilar artery

58
Q

the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone end medially with what

A

anterior clinoid processes

59
Q

these project laterally from the superoanterior portion of the body of the sphenoid and extend to the middle of each orbit

A

lesser wings

60
Q

these extend laterally from the sides of the body of the sphenoid and form a portion of the floor of the cranium and a portion of the sides of the cranium

A

greater wings

61
Q

how many foramina exist in the greater wings of the sphenoid for cranial nerves

A

3 pairs (6 total)

62
Q

what are the names of the 3 pairs of foramina on the greater wing of the sphenoid from anterior to posterior

A
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
63
Q

which clinoid processes are larger and spread farther apart

A

anterior clinoid processes

64
Q

these extend superiorly from the dorsum sellae

A

posterior clinoid processes

65
Q

between the anterior body and the lesser wings of the sphenoid on each side are groove like canals, the canals begin in the center as what

A

chiasmatic or optic groove

66
Q

the chiasmatic or optic groove leads on each side to what

A

optic canal

67
Q

what does the optic canal end at

A

optic foramen (opening in the orbit)

68
Q

slightly lateral and posterior to the optic foramina on each side are irregularly shaped openings called what

A

superior orbital fissures

69
Q

what are the more lateral, flat extensions projecting downward from inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid called

A

lateral pterygoid processes

70
Q

directly medial to the lateral pterygoid processes are these

A

medial pterygoid processes

71
Q

the medial pterygoid processes end inferiorly in small hooklike processes called what

A

pterygoid hamuli

72
Q

these form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

A

pterygoid processes/plates

73
Q

deformity of the sella turcica is often an indication of what

A

lesion exists intracranially

74
Q

what imaging modality may be performed to detect deformity of the sella turcica

A

CT and MRI

75
Q

what bones does the sphenoid articulate with

A

all 7 cranial bones
(5 facial bones)

76
Q

what is the small upper horizontal portion of the ethmoid

A

cribriform plate

77
Q

the cribriform plate contains many small foramina through which segmental branches of what pass through

A

olfactory nerves (nerves of smell)

78
Q

projecting superiorly from the cribriform plate

A

crista galli

79
Q

projecting downward in the midline of the ethmoid is this which helps to form the bony nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

80
Q

these are suspended from the undersurface of the cribriform plate on each side of the perpendicular plate

A

lateral labyrinths (masses)

81
Q

these contain the ethmoid air cells or sinuses and help to form the medial walls of the orbits and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

lateral masses

82
Q

extending medially and downward from the medial wall of each labyrinth are thin, scroll-shaped projections of bone called what

A

superior and middle nasal conchae or turbinates

83
Q

what bones does the ethmoid articulate with

A

2 cranial bones
- sphenoid
- frontal
(11 facial bones)

84
Q

this forms the upper portion of the bony nasal septum

A

perpendicular plate

85
Q

what are the articulations/joints of the cranium called

A

sutures

86
Q

what type of joints are sutures

A

fibrous - synarthrodial (adult)

87
Q

this separates the frontal bone from the two parietal bones

A

coronal suture

88
Q

this separates the two parietal bones in the midline

A

sagittal suture

89
Q

posteriorly, this separates the two parietal bones from the occipital bone

A

lambdoidal suture

90
Q

inferior junctions of the two parietal bones with their respective temporal bones

A

squamosal sutures

91
Q

what is the anterior end of the sagittal suture called

A

bregma

92
Q

what is the posterior end of the sagittal suture called

A

lambda

93
Q

points at the junction of the frontal, parietals, temporals, and greater wings of the sphenoid (posterior end of the sphenoparietal suture)

A

pterions

94
Q

points posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lambdoidal sutures meet

A

asterions

95
Q

certain regions where sutures joining are slower in ossification are called what

A

fontanels

96
Q

when do cranial sutures ossify completely

A

mid-late 20s (sometimes 5th decade of life)

97
Q

these are termed the anterior and posterior fontanels in infants

A

bregma and lambda

98
Q

which is the largest fontanel and how big is it at birth

A

anterior fontanel
1” wide, 1.5” (4cm) long

99
Q

when does the anterior fontanel completely close

A

18 months

100
Q

what are the 2 smaller fontanels that close soon after birth

A

sphenoid (pterion)
mastoid (asterion)

101
Q

certain small, irregular bones sometimes develop in adult skull sutures called what

A

sutural/wormian bones

102
Q

where are sutural/wormian bones most often found

A

lambdoidal suture (occasionally in regions of the fontanels especially posterior)

Positioning 1 (52 decks)

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