Pathoma - WBC Disorders - Leukopenia and Leukocytosis Flashcards
What is the CD marker of hematopoeitic stem cells?
CD34+
What are 2 causes of neutropenia (low neutrophils)
Drug toxicity (e.g chemo, which will damage stem cells) Severe infection (neutrophils will be out of the blood and in the tissues)
What are treatment options for neutropenia in order to boost granulocyte production
GM-CSF (granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor) and G-CSF
What are the effects of cortisol on lymphocytes and neutrophils
Lymphopenia (cortisol causes lymphocyte apoptosis) Neutrophilic leukocytosis (increased neutrophils) - cortisol causes release of marginated pool
What types of cells stem from myeloblasts
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
What will you see as a result of neutrophilic leukocytosis in response to bacterial infection or tissue necrosis
Left shift (release of immature WBC)
What is the marker of immature WBC
Decreased CD16 (Fc receptor)
What cancer is associated with eosinophilia
Hodgkin lymphoma (due to increased IL-5 produced by RS cells)
What cancer is associated with basophilia
chronic myeloid leukemia
What is the bacterial infection that you will see lymphocytic lymphocytosis with and why?
Bordatella pertussis Pertussis toxin will cause disabling of chemokine receptors so that lymphocytes are unable to enter the lymphoid tissue and thus remain in the blood
What immune cells will be seen in EBV and what do they look like under the microscope
CD8+ Downey cells - Will appear as atypical lymphocytes (look like monocytes) with blueish cytoplasm, and enlarged nucleus that is oval or folded in
Where in lymph nodes are B- and T-cells located
B-cells = cortex
T-cells = paracortex
What does the monospot test for and how?
EBV
Detects IgM antibodies that cross-react with horse or sheep RBCs
