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Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - Micro 7 > Flashcards

DIT review - Micro 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following DNA viruses are naked?

  • Herpes (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, Kaposi)
  • Polyoma
  • Papilloma
  • Pox
  • Parvo
  • Hepadna
  • Adeno
A

Naked viruses:

  • Adeno
  • Papilloma
  • Polyoma
  • Parvo
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2
Q

Transmission of Parvo virus

A
  • Transmission – respiratory or congenital
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3
Q

Presentatino of Parvovirus (adults, children, in utero, sickle cell patients)

A
  • Aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients
  • Erythema infectiosum in children (aka 5th disease)
    • Slapped cheek rash
  • Inflammatory arthritis in adults
  • Hydrops fetalis in utero (Other in TORCH)
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4
Q

Describe the HPV proteins that lead to cancer

A
  • E6 à mutates p53 allowing transition from G1 to S phase
  • E7 à mutates Rb allowing transition from G1 to S phase
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5
Q

Describe the 2 forms of Polyomavirus and their presentation

A
  • JC virus – progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV patients
    • Demyelinating disease that leads to non-enhancing multifocal brain lesions in the white matter
  • BK virus – affects kidney of transplant patients
    • Causes nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis (transplant patients)
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6
Q

Describe the replication of Hepadnavirus

A

Hepatitis B

  • Replication:
    • Partially dsDNA circular DNA enters the nucleus
    • Host polymerase makes RNA intermediate from DNA
    • Viral reverse transcriptase makes DNA from RNA intermediate
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7
Q

What viruses are the most common cause of the “common cold”

A

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

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8
Q

What are the TORCHeS

A

T = Toxoplasma

O = Other

R = Rubella (togavirus)

C = CMV

H = HIV and HSV

S = Syphilis

Other = Group B Strep, E. Coli, Listeria, Parvovirus B19

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9
Q

What is the classic triad in congenital Toxoplasmosis

A
  • Classic triad:
    • Chorioretinitis
    • Hydrocephalus
    • Intracranial calcifications
  • +/- blueberry muffin rash
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10
Q

Classic triad in congenital Rubella

A
  • Classic triad: THNK: I (eye) <3 ruby (rubella) earrings (ear)
    • Abnormalities of eye (cataract)
    • Abnormalities of the ear (deafness)
    • Congenital heart disease (PDA)
  • +/- blueberry muffin rash
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11
Q

Presentation of congenital CMV

A
  • Unilateral hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
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12
Q

Presenation of congenital Syphilis

A
  • Hydrops fetalis
  • Facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla)
  • Saber shins
  • Deafness
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13
Q

Are picornaviruses naked or enveloped

A

Naked

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14
Q

What are the different picornaviruses

A

Hepatitis A, Enterovirus (Echovirus, Coxsackie, Polio), Rhinovirus

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15
Q

Mode of transmission of Picornaviruses

A

All are fecal-oral except for Rhino (respiratory)

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16
Q

Presentation of Echovirus

A

No sketchy

Is a picornavirus

Aseptic meningitis, mycoarditis, URI

In the summer months

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Presenation of Coxsackie A virus

A

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Aseptic meningitis

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19
Q

Presentation of Coxsackie B virus

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Devil’s Grip / Bornholm’s disease / Pleurodynia – extreme unilateral sharp pain in lower chest

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20
Q

Does Rhinovirus affect upper respiratory or lower respiratory system

A

URI

Like cooler temps of the upper resp.

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21
Q

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis A

A

Fecal-oral

Contaminated water

Shellfish

22
Q

Is Calicivirus naked or enveloped

A

Naked

Norovirus

23
Q

Are flaviviruses naked or enveloped?

24
Q

What are the subtypes of Flavivirus

A

Hepatitis C

Yellow fever

Dengue fever

West Nile Virus

St. Louis encephalitis

25
Transmission and presentation of Yellow fever
* Yellow fever = yellow African water buffalo * Transmitted by Aedes mosquito * Monkey reservoir * Found in sub-Saharan Africa and South America * Presentation: * Fever, jaundice, hemorrhagic disease (hematemesis/black vomit, bloody diarrhea, epistaxis, gum bleeding, petechial skin lesions)
26
Transmission and presentation of Dengue fever
* Transmitted by Aedes mosquito * Presentation: * Break Bone Fever: Muscle/joint pain, HA, retro-orbital pain * Hemorrhagic fever * Renal failure
27
Describe the Tourniquet test and what disease it is used for
* Tourniquet test for hemorrhagic fever in Dengue * BP inflated to a point between SBP and DBP * If excess petechiae = increased capillary wall fragility and thrombocytopenia
28
Transmission and presentation of West Nile virus
* Birds are the reservoir and mosquitoes are the vector; humans are incidental host * Presentation: * Usually mild symptoms: HA, malaise, back pain, myalgia, anorexia for 3-6 day * Rarely see severe sx: meningitis, encephalitis, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, alterations in consciousness, possibly death
29
Which Hepatitis infections are likely to progress to chronic
HCV = majority develop chronic disease HBV = adults usually resolve, kids more likely to develop chronic
30
Treatment of Hepatitis C
Ribavirin + Interferon alpha
31
What type of virus are Eastern and Western equine encephalitis
Togavirus
32
Transmission of Rubella
Respiratory (togavirus)
33
Presentation of rubella
* Fever, post-auricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, confluent rash that starts on the face and spreads to trunk and extremities
34
Describe the role of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase in Flu virus
* Hemagglutinin * Promote viral attachment to host cell * Neuraminidase * Helps release progeny virions
35
MOA of Oseltamivir/Zanamivir (Tamiflu)
* Neuroaminidase inhibitors: * Block release of virions from host cell
36
MOA of Amantidine in treating Flu virus
* HA molecule on virus will bind to sialic acid on the cell membrane; virus then endocytosed into the cell; pH needs to be changed by M2 protein to allow for uncoating * If you can prevent viral uncoating by inhibiting M2, then you can prevent viral replication * Drugs: **_Amantidine**_ and _**Rimantidine_** inhibit M2 so there is no viral uncoating * à Manta ray that is ready to DINE on the octopus (MantaDINE)
37
Describe the difference between genetic shift and genetic drift
* Genetic drift * Causes seasonal epidemics * Due to random mutation in hemagglutinn or neuraminidase * Less severe * This is why we make a new vaccine each year * Genetic shift * Causes pandemics * Reassortment of viral genome segments * More severe * THINK: Oh shift!
38
Cause of death in Flu virus
* Death usually called by bacterial superinfection on top of the viral infection * Causes: S. aureus, S. pneumo, H, flu
39
Are paramyxovirus enveloped or naked
Enveloped
40
What are the subtypes of Paramyxovirus
Parainfluenza RSV Measles Mumps
41
Presentation of Measles
* Rubeola * Presentation: * Prodromal fever * Cough, coryza (runny nose), conuncitivitis, * Koplik spots (red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa) * Maculopapular rash that starts and head/neck and spread down * Subacute sclerosisng panencephalitis (SSPE) - occurs years after infection * Giant cell pneumonia
42
What is the function of fusion proteins and which Paramyxoviruses have them?
* Causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells * On all paramyxoviruses
43
What virulence factors are present in Measles
* Fusion protein and Hemagluttinin * No Neuraminidase
44
Presentation of mumps
Parotitis (swelling of parotid glands), orchitis (can result in sterility), meningitis
45
Virulence factors of mumps
* HA, NA, fusion protein
46
Presentation of RSV
* Bronchiolitis in babies * Pneumonia * Presents in winter months
47
Immunization and treatment of RSV
* Immunization: * Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody against F protein) * Treatment: * Ribavirin (inhibits synthesis of guanosine) – use in adults, not children
48
Virulence factors of RSV
* Only fusion protein
49
Virulence factors and presentation of Parainfluenza
* Parainfluenza – croup * Barking seal cough and inspiratory stridor * Steeple sign on x-ray due to narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis * Severe croup can cause pulsus paradoxus * Virulence factors: * F protein, NA, HA
50
Presentation of Rhabdovirus
* Rabies * Fever, malaise --\> agitation, photophobia, _hydrophobia_, hypersalivation --\> paralysis, coma --\> death
51

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