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Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - Micro 2 > Flashcards

DIT review - Micro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the spore-forming bacteria

A
  • Clostridium species
  • Bacillus species
  • Coxiella Burnettii
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2
Q

Is Bacillus an anaerobe or aerobe

A

Aerobe

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3
Q

Describe the capsule of Bacillus

A

It is unique - made out of protein (poly-D glutamate)

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4
Q

MOA of Edema factor and Lethal factor

A

Edema factor - increases cAMP - edema

Lethal factor - inhibits MAP kinase - black eschar

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5
Q

Presentation of Bacillua anthracis

A

Cutaneous = Painless, necrotic black eschar with surrounding erythematous ring

Pulmonary anthrax = fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, widening of the mediastinum

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6
Q

Treatment of Bacillus anthracis

A

Fluoroquinolones

Doxycycline

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7
Q

Describe Bacillus Cereus

A

Causes food poisoning after eating reheated rice

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8
Q

Describe the MOA and effect of Exotoxin A of C. Diff

A
  • Exotoxin A binds to brush border of intestines and causes inflammation, cell death, and watery diarrhea
    • Sketchy: A is for Apple = Brushing chocolate on apples = brush border
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9
Q

Describe the MOA and effect of Exotoxin B of C. Diff

A
  • Disrupts cytoskeleton integrity by depolymerizing actin – leading to enterocyte death and yellowish-gray exudate that forms a pseudo exudate (pseudomembranous colitis)
    • Licorice are long rods fused together – actin filaments (depolymerization)
    • Pseudomembrane – licorice packed into yellow packets
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10
Q

What are the 2 disease presentations of Clostridium perfringens

A

Gas gangrene

Food poisoning

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11
Q

What do you use to test for presence of diphteria toxin

A

Elek test

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12
Q

What type of vaccine is given for diphteria?

A

Toxoid vaccine (inactivated exotoxin bound to protein will allow body to make antibodies)

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13
Q

Common ways of getting infected with Listeria

A

Ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products and cold deli meats

Transplacental transmission

Vaginal transmission during birth

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14
Q

Effect of Listeria in immunocompromised/infants vs. healthy

A

Meningitis in infants/immunocompromised

Mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis in healthy

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15
Q

What is the disease presentation of Nocardia

A

Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised (mimics TB with negative PPD)

Can lead to brain abscess formation

Cutaneous symptoms in healthy

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16
Q

Treatment of Nocardia

A

Sulfonamides

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17
Q

What feature of Neisseria allows it to survive on mucosal surfaces?

A

IgA protease

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18
Q

What is one of the main differentiating features between Neisseria meningitides vs. gonorrhea

A

Meningitides is a maltose fermenter

Also has a capsule

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19
Q

Clinical presentation of Klebsiella

A

Pneumonia or UTI

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20
Q

What is the consequence of Salmonella being acid labile

A

It is easily degraded in the stomach - need a high dose to cause infection

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21
Q

Describe the presentation of salmonella typhi

A

Can cause Typhoid fever (rose-colored macules on abdomen)

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients

Pea soup diarrhea

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22
Q

Treatment for Salmonella typhi?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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23
Q

Which Salmonella has a vaccine?

A

Salmonella typhi - live attenuated vaccine

24
Q

Sources of Salmonella

A

Poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles

25
Describe the presentation of Salmonella vs. Shigella on Hektoen Agar
Salmonella = black (due to H2S production) Shigella = green
26
Are shigella motile or immotile
Immotile
27
Are shigella acid labile or acid stable
Acid stable - low infectious dose
28
What are the gram negative lactose fermenters?
E. Coli Klebsiella Serratia Enterobacter
29
How can you distinguish EHEC from other E. Coli
EHEC is the only one that does not ferment sorbitol
30
Which E. Coli produces Shiga-like toxin, and what is the MOA of the toxin
EHEC Toxin inhibits 60S ribosome
31
Method of transmission of Yersinia enterocolitica
Pet feces Contaminated milk or pork
32
Presentation of yersinia enterocolitica
Bloody diarrhea Pseudoappendicitis
33
Method of transmission of Yersinia pestis
Fleas
34
Presentation of Bubonic plague
Swollen lymph nodes Abscesses in organs or DIC
35
Treatment of Yersinia
Aminoglycosides and Tetracycline
36
Transmission of Campylobacter
Fecal-oral Main reservoir in intestinal tract of poultry
37
Shape of campylobacter
Comma or S-shaped
38
Late complications of Campylobacter
Reactive arthritis Guillain-Barre
39
Shape of cholera
Comma shaped
40
Method of infectivity of cholera
Vibrio attach to the mucosa via flagella that attach to the intestinal wall NOT INVASIVE
41
MOA of cholera toxin
Toxin permanently activates Gs (increasing cAMP)
42
What type of environment do cholera prefer?
Alkaline media
43
What are the 3 features that make H. Pylori triple positive
Catalase + Urease + Oxidase +
44
Treatment of H. Pylori
Triple therapy: Amoxicillin (or Metronidazole) + Clarithromycin (macrolide) + PPI
45
Diseases caused by Pseudomonas
Pneumonia Osteomyelitis (espicially in IV drug users and diabetics) Burn patients at risk UTI Skin lesions (hot tub folliculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum) Otitis externa (swimmers ear)
46
Treatment of Psuedomonas
Anti-pseudomonal penicillins (Piperacillin + Tazobactam) Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones
47
Is Proteus gram -/+ bacilli/cocci
Gram neg bacilli
48
What are the 3 toxins of bordatella and their MOAs
* (1) Pertussis Toxin – toxin will ribosylates Gi protien, disabling it * Bow tie (ribosylation) on soldier with GI uniform (inhibits Gi) in wheelchair (disabled) * Toxin inhibits and inhibitor (Gi) leading to a rise in cAMP * ADP Disables Chemokine receptors for lymphocytes, making them unable to enter lymphoid tissue, leading to an overabundance of white blood cells in the blood stream = _lymphocytosis_ * = Popcorn, overabundance of white kernels * (2) Adenylate cyclase toxin = (acts like the anthracis edema factor toxin) increases cAMP * = EF Shield (edema factor toxin from another video * (3) Tracheal toxin damages ciliated cells in the respiratory epithelium * = Tractor (tracheal) on the middle road (trachea) cutting the grass (damaging cilia)
49
Treatment of Bordatella
Macrolides
50
Describe the agar used to culture H. flu
Chocolate again with factor V (NAD) and X (Hematin) * 5 cent sign; Nickel = nicotinamide (NAD) * 10 cent price on chocolates; HemaTEN
51
Describe signature disease caused by H. Flu
Epiglottitis (cherry red epiglottis; thumbprint sign on XR)
52
Treatment of H. flu
Ceftriaxone Rifampin for prophylaxis
53
Describe agar required to culture Legionella
Charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine * Sketchy: * Charcoal = Heaping piles of coal on the ship * Iron = iron anchor * Cysteine = ship name = SS Cysteine * Think of a French legionnarie with his silver helmet, sitting around a campfire (charcoal) with his iron dagger - he is no sissy (cysteine)
54
What are the 2 diseases caused by Legionella
* Pontiac fever * Mild flu-like sx * Legionairre's disease * Atypical pneumonia (hyponatremia, CNS sx, diarrhea, high fever - over 104)
55
Treatment of Legionella
Macrolide Fluoroquinolones

Review / Wrong Answers (140 decks)

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