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Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - Micro 2 > Flashcards

DIT review - Micro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the spore-forming bacteria

A
  • Clostridium species
  • Bacillus species
  • Coxiella Burnettii
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2
Q

Is Bacillus an anaerobe or aerobe

A

Aerobe

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3
Q

Describe the capsule of Bacillus

A

It is unique - made out of protein (poly-D glutamate)

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4
Q

MOA of Edema factor and Lethal factor

A

Edema factor - increases cAMP - edema

Lethal factor - inhibits MAP kinase - black eschar

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5
Q

Presentation of Bacillua anthracis

A

Cutaneous = Painless, necrotic black eschar with surrounding erythematous ring

Pulmonary anthrax = fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, widening of the mediastinum

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6
Q

Treatment of Bacillus anthracis

A

Fluoroquinolones

Doxycycline

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7
Q

Describe Bacillus Cereus

A

Causes food poisoning after eating reheated rice

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8
Q

Describe the MOA and effect of Exotoxin A of C. Diff

A
  • Exotoxin A binds to brush border of intestines and causes inflammation, cell death, and watery diarrhea
    • Sketchy: A is for Apple = Brushing chocolate on apples = brush border
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9
Q

Describe the MOA and effect of Exotoxin B of C. Diff

A
  • Disrupts cytoskeleton integrity by depolymerizing actin – leading to enterocyte death and yellowish-gray exudate that forms a pseudo exudate (pseudomembranous colitis)
    • Licorice are long rods fused together – actin filaments (depolymerization)
    • Pseudomembrane – licorice packed into yellow packets
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10
Q

What are the 2 disease presentations of Clostridium perfringens

A

Gas gangrene

Food poisoning

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11
Q

What do you use to test for presence of diphteria toxin

A

Elek test

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12
Q

What type of vaccine is given for diphteria?

A

Toxoid vaccine (inactivated exotoxin bound to protein will allow body to make antibodies)

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13
Q

Common ways of getting infected with Listeria

A

Ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products and cold deli meats

Transplacental transmission

Vaginal transmission during birth

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14
Q

Effect of Listeria in immunocompromised/infants vs. healthy

A

Meningitis in infants/immunocompromised

Mild, self-limiting gastroenteritis in healthy

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15
Q

What is the disease presentation of Nocardia

A

Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised (mimics TB with negative PPD)

Can lead to brain abscess formation

Cutaneous symptoms in healthy

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16
Q

Treatment of Nocardia

A

Sulfonamides

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17
Q

What feature of Neisseria allows it to survive on mucosal surfaces?

A

IgA protease

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18
Q

What is one of the main differentiating features between Neisseria meningitides vs. gonorrhea

A

Meningitides is a maltose fermenter

Also has a capsule

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19
Q

Clinical presentation of Klebsiella

A

Pneumonia or UTI

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20
Q

What is the consequence of Salmonella being acid labile

A

It is easily degraded in the stomach - need a high dose to cause infection

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21
Q

Describe the presentation of salmonella typhi

A

Can cause Typhoid fever (rose-colored macules on abdomen)

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients

Pea soup diarrhea

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22
Q

Treatment for Salmonella typhi?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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23
Q

Which Salmonella has a vaccine?

A

Salmonella typhi - live attenuated vaccine

24
Q

Sources of Salmonella

A

Poultry, eggs, pets, and turtles

25
Q

Describe the presentation of Salmonella vs. Shigella on Hektoen Agar

A

Salmonella = black (due to H2S production)

Shigella = green

26
Q

Are shigella motile or immotile

A

Immotile

27
Q

Are shigella acid labile or acid stable

A

Acid stable - low infectious dose

28
Q

What are the gram negative lactose fermenters?

A

E. Coli

Klebsiella

Serratia

Enterobacter

29
Q

How can you distinguish EHEC from other E. Coli

A

EHEC is the only one that does not ferment sorbitol

30
Q

Which E. Coli produces Shiga-like toxin, and what is the MOA of the toxin

A

EHEC

Toxin inhibits 60S ribosome

31
Q

Method of transmission of Yersinia enterocolitica

A

Pet feces

Contaminated milk or pork

32
Q

Presentation of yersinia enterocolitica

A

Bloody diarrhea

Pseudoappendicitis

33
Q

Method of transmission of Yersinia pestis

A

Fleas

34
Q

Presentation of Bubonic plague

A

Swollen lymph nodes

Abscesses in organs or DIC

35
Q

Treatment of Yersinia

A

Aminoglycosides and Tetracycline

36
Q

Transmission of Campylobacter

A

Fecal-oral

Main reservoir in intestinal tract of poultry

37
Q

Shape of campylobacter

A

Comma or S-shaped

38
Q

Late complications of Campylobacter

A

Reactive arthritis

Guillain-Barre

39
Q

Shape of cholera

A

Comma shaped

40
Q

Method of infectivity of cholera

A

Vibrio attach to the mucosa via flagella that attach to the intestinal wall

NOT INVASIVE

41
Q

MOA of cholera toxin

A

Toxin permanently activates Gs (increasing cAMP)

42
Q

What type of environment do cholera prefer?

A

Alkaline media

43
Q

What are the 3 features that make H. Pylori triple positive

A

Catalase +

Urease +

Oxidase +

44
Q

Treatment of H. Pylori

A

Triple therapy:

Amoxicillin (or Metronidazole) + Clarithromycin (macrolide) + PPI

45
Q

Diseases caused by Pseudomonas

A

Pneumonia

Osteomyelitis (espicially in IV drug users and diabetics)

Burn patients at risk

UTI

Skin lesions (hot tub folliculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum)

Otitis externa (swimmers ear)

46
Q

Treatment of Psuedomonas

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins (Piperacillin + Tazobactam)

Aminoglycosides

Fluoroquinolones

47
Q

Is Proteus gram -/+ bacilli/cocci

A

Gram neg bacilli

48
Q

What are the 3 toxins of bordatella and their MOAs

A
  • (1) Pertussis Toxin – toxin will ribosylates Gi protien, disabling it
    • Bow tie (ribosylation) on soldier with GI uniform (inhibits Gi) in wheelchair (disabled)
    • Toxin inhibits and inhibitor (Gi) leading to a rise in cAMP
    • ADP Disables Chemokine receptors for lymphocytes, making them unable to enter lymphoid tissue, leading to an overabundance of white blood cells in the blood stream = lymphocytosis
      • = Popcorn, overabundance of white kernels
  • (2) Adenylate cyclase toxin = (acts like the anthracis edema factor toxin) increases cAMP
    • = EF Shield (edema factor toxin from another video
  • (3) Tracheal toxin damages ciliated cells in the respiratory epithelium
    • = Tractor (tracheal) on the middle road (trachea) cutting the grass (damaging cilia)
49
Q

Treatment of Bordatella

A

Macrolides

50
Q

Describe the agar used to culture H. flu

A

Chocolate again with factor V (NAD) and X (Hematin)

  • 5 cent sign; Nickel = nicotinamide (NAD)
  • 10 cent price on chocolates; HemaTEN
51
Q

Describe signature disease caused by H. Flu

A

Epiglottitis (cherry red epiglottis; thumbprint sign on XR)

52
Q

Treatment of H. flu

A

Ceftriaxone

Rifampin for prophylaxis

53
Q

Describe agar required to culture Legionella

A

Charcoal yeast extract medium with iron and cysteine

  • Sketchy:
    • Charcoal = Heaping piles of coal on the ship
    • Iron = iron anchor
    • Cysteine = ship name = SS Cysteine
  • Think of a French legionnarie with his silver helmet, sitting around a campfire (charcoal) with his iron dagger - he is no sissy (cysteine)
54
Q

What are the 2 diseases caused by Legionella

A
  • Pontiac fever
    • Mild flu-like sx
  • Legionairre’s disease
    • Atypical pneumonia (hyponatremia, CNS sx, diarrhea, high fever - over 104)
55
Q

Treatment of Legionella

A

Macrolide

Fluoroquinolones

Review / Wrong Answers (140 decks)

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