Nutrition in Kids Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Toddlers and self feeding**
Should be promoted to do that, promotes and reinforces self regulation of intake, around this time should see transition to cup and weaning from bottle beginning 12-15 month*, completed by 15-18 month, this HELPS PROTECT AGAINST DENTAL CARIES IF THEY ALWAYS HAVE BOTTLE EXPOSURE
Feeding jags***
Decrease in dietary variety and increase in pickiness except for 1-2 specific items as kids are neophobic and may need to be offered new food several times
Feeding development in preschool children
Can sit at table for meals, eventually eating small round hard foods
Feeding development in school age children**
Ability to understand basic nutrition concepts, should create positive influence at home to eat healthy but not become obsessive**
Self regulation of meal size for children is typically automatic but can be overridden by these 4 factors**
- coercive feeding
- restriction of intake
- environmental cues
- body image and peers
Frequency of feeding in toddlers vs preschoolers vs school age children
7 times a day, 3 meals and several small snacks, 3 meals and a snack after school
Fat and cholesterol should NOT be restricted in children younger than…**
…2 years of age, after this, saturated fats should make up less than 10% of total energy intake
Children should not eat more than 2 servings of fish per week because…
….risk of mercury concentration
___ of a kids diet should be fruits and veggies, ___ of a kids grain intake should be whole grain (don’t get used to white bread)
1/2, 1/2
Children should not receive cows milk until age ___ because of risk of…**
1, …milk protein enterocolitis
Children between 1-2 should receive what type of milk? After age 2?**
Whole milk, fat free or low fat 1-2%
Do children need routine vitamin and mineral supplements?***
No - if parents desire to do so a standard pediatric multivitamin poses no risk
Fluorosis
Streaking of the teeth due to excess fluoride intake such as when its found in the water, toothpaste, and chewable tablets (typically just need one of these approaches to be protective against dental caries)
Ways to develop healthy eating habits (7)
- set good example
- offer variety of food
- start with small portions
- follow meal and snack schedule
- make mealtime a family time
- cope with picky eater
- help them try new foods
Choking precautions in children (3)**
- if less than 4, AVOID small round hard foods
- sitting upright and still
- should not be eating while riding in car
Food borne infection precautions in children**
-avoid unpasteurized milk or juice, avoid raw eggs or food, avoid undercoocked foods as kids are more susceptible to intestinal disease and can have serious sequelae such as hemolytic uremic syndrome***
Dietary/exercise patterns in US children(3)
- most children meet nutritional needs but often are overnourished
- fast food is huge
- sedentary lifestyle (children need 60 min a day outside at least)
Main causes of malnutrition in children (3)
- poverty
- ignorance
- lack of practical education in buying and prepping food
Overweight and obesity BMI in children
85th-95th percentile or greater than 95th percentile*** for children of the same age and sex
Obesity treatment in children (4)
- behavioral therapy
- physical activity
- balanced diet (don’t over-restrict calories)
- education
Vit D supplementation in infants
Should be done from breasteeding until moving to formula
Iron supplementation in infants
recommended at 4 months in breast fed infants as well as supplementation in formula
High levels of calcium in the diet (excess milk consumption can interfere with…***
iron uptake***
