Nutrition and Oral Health in the Elderly Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Metabolic changes in body composition in elderly

Answer 1

• caloric requirements decline
• total body water decreases 20%
• increase in adipose
• decrease lean body mass
• decrease basal metabolic rate
• decrease in gastrin, gastric motility
• undernourishment unhealthy, being slightly higher bmi actually protective

Question 2

Sarcopenia

Answer 2

Decline in lean body mass often associated with age and a corresponding increase in total body fat that occurs in up to 50% of the elderly

Question 3

Leading causes of involuntary weight loss in the elderly (3)

Answer 3

• depression
• cancer
• benign GI disease such as dysphagia

Question 4

Anorexia of aging

Answer 4

Poor appetite and hunger in elderly sometimes due to conditions such as changes in environment or diminished physical activity resulting in weight loss

Question 5

Cachexia

Answer 5

Inflammatory metabolic disorder with excess muscle loss and prostoglandin production throughout the body due to underlying condition, relatively rapid and giving characteristic emaciated appearance

Question 6

Oral/dental health problems that affect the elderly (3)

Answer 6

• dental caries
• periodontal disease
• xerostomia

Question 7

Dentures impact on eating

Answer 7

Reduced taste sensation, increased work of eating and oral phase of swallowing, increased risk of candidal infection and stomatitis

Question 8

RDA definition (geriatric)

Answer 8

recommended dietary allowance, nutrient levels that meet requirement for 97-98% of healthy people, 2 sets exist for elderly 1 for those 51-70 and one over 70

Question 9

RDA and tolerable upper limit

Answer 9

Tolerable upper limit reflects degree to which excess intake of dietary nutrition will result in illness, should shoot for range between RDA and UL

Question 10

Vit A nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (3)

Answer 10

• dry skin
• bitots spots
• xeropthalmia

Question 11

Vit D nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (2)

Answer 11

• osteoporosis

- osteopenia

Question 12

Vit E nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (1)

Answer 12

-anemia

Question 13

Vit B6 nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (3)

Answer 13

• glossitis
• peripheral neuropathy
• anemia

Question 14

Folic acid nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (4)

Answer 14

• pallor
• glossitis
• anemia
• stomatitis

Question 15

Vit B12 nutrition deficiencies side effects in the elderly (4)

Answer 15

• anemia
• paresthesias
• ataxia
• memory loss

Question 16

Iron nutrition deficiencies side effects in the elderly (1)

Answer 16

-anemia

Question 17

Calcium nutrition deficiencies side effects in elderly (2)

Answer 17

• tetany

- muscle weakness or cramping

Question 18

Mini nutritional assessment (MNA)

Answer 18

Questionnaire of 6 questions asking about BMI, weight loss, acute illness or major stress recently, mobility, dementia or depression, and appetite to calculate score, high encourages rescreen after time, mid to low monitor or treat comorbidities or nutritional supplements