Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3rd Semester Final > GI in Peds Lecture Powerpoint > Flashcards

GI in Peds Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Encopresis

A

soiling of underwear with stool by children who are past the age of toilet training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Omphalocele***

A

Intestinal content herniation thru umbilical and supraumbilical portions of the abdominal wall IN A SAC* covered by peritoneum*, anterior abdominal wall defect with a covering hernia sac, occurs with high incidence of associated malformations, has unclear risk factors but does occur with older mothers (>35) and obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Omphalocele/gastroschisis diagnosis (2) and treatment (1)

A
  • maternal/fetal ultrasound
  • physical exam

-surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vacterl

A

Rarely used term that is a diagnosis for a newborn patient that has 3 of the following: vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies and radial aplasyia and limb abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gastroschisis***

A

Herniation WITHOUT ***covering sac of peritoneum of a length of small intestine and occassionally part of the liver, abdominal wall defect located to right of umbilcal cord, more frequently occurs in chidlren born to young mothers (<20) and women who are very thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia presentation

A

Respiratory stress, classic symptoms of cyanosis, dyspnea, and cardiac dextroposition 8-24 hours postnatally, typically herniation occurs into left lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia treatment options (3)

A
  • immediate tracheal intubation
  • placement of gastric tube for decompression
  • surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Diverticula that is vestigial remnant of omphalomesenteric duct that is about 2 inches in length located within 2 feet of ileocecal valve, presenting before the age of 2, may contain ectopic gastric mucosa (ulcers), only symptomatic in males even though both genders are effected and presents with painless anal bleeding, often occurs with other associated defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum presentations (3)**

A
  • lower painless GI bleeding
  • intestinal obstruction fro internal volvulus or intussusception
  • local inflammation with or without perforation resembling acute appendicitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum diagnosis (3) and treatment options (1)

A
  • technetium 99 scan useful in detecting heterotopioc gastric mucosa has high sensitivity and accuracy
  • ultrasound backup
  • CT backup

-surgical resection (cut out diverticula and anastamose the intestines back together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

Rare congenital malformation conssting of lack of continuity between upper and lower esophageal pouches, associated frequently with tracheosophageal fistulas*** (make it hard to breath)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Esophageal atresia etiology (2)

A
  • unknown thought to be multifactorial

- often occurs with trisomies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophageal atresia presentation (4)***

A
  • blockage of NG tube from passing into stomach (diagnostic)
  • excess oral secretions from infant
  • difficulty breathing and maintaining airway, consistently choking when eating
  • concurrent tracheomalacia (seal bark like cough)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Imperforate anus/anal atresia

A

Imperforate anus with dimple at anal opening without an obvious canal, anal atresia has an opening but canal is not patent or is underdeveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Imperforate anus/anal atresia presentation (2)

A
  • physical exam findings

- delayed passage of meconium (>24-48 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Imperforate anus/anal atresia diagnosis (1) and treatment (1)

A
  • barium enema if no stool post 48 hours

- surgery

18
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

2ndary to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscular layers of the pylorus causing functional gastric outlet obstruction, can sometimes be palpated as an olive like mass

19
Q

Most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

20
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis causes (4)

A
  • unknown mostly
  • problems with myenteric plexus innervation
  • cows milk protein allergy
  • usually 1st born male child***
21
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presentation (3) and diagnosis (2) and treatment (1

A

-3rd or 4th week of life develop progressive projectile billous vomiting and with time lose weight
-olive shaped mass
palpable to right of umbilicus
-visible peristalsis

  • ultrasound/barium studies
  • IV hydration and pylormyotomy (remstedt procedure)
22
Q

String sign on upper GI x ray is sign of…

A

….hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

23
Q

Hirschsprungs disease (aganglionic megacolon) mech of action

A

Failure of enteric neurons to migrate caudally with vagal nerve fibers along intestine, arriving to the proximal colon normally by 8 weeks gestation and rectum by 12, arrest leads to an aganglionic segment often associated with downs and other anomaplies

24
Q

Hirschsprungs disease diagnosis (2) and treatment

A
  • plain radiograph with barium contrast enema
  • rectal biopsy for definitive diagnosis

-treated with surgical resection

25
Q

Malrotation of the intestine

A

Occurs when normaml embryonic sequence of bowel development and fixation is interrupted

26
Q

Midgut volvulus treatment (2)

A
  • surgery of volvulus untwisting

- appendix removed

27
Q

Intussusception

A

Invagination of proximal bowel into distal segment, ileum passing into the cecum or colon passing thru the ileocecal valve

28
Q

Intussusception causes (3)

A
  • infections such as Rotavirus
  • meckel’s diverticulum
  • polyp
29
Q

Intussusception presentation (3)**

A
  • paroxysmal severe colicky pain and pallor at roughly 20 min intevals followed by lethargy and bilous vomiting
  • sausage shaped mass palpable in the abdomen that does NOT squish
  • passage of characteristic currant jelly stool
30
Q

Intussuception diagnosis

A
  • ultrasound

- abdominal radiographs

31
Q

Intussuception treatment options (3)

A
  • IV fluids
  • NG suction then air contrast barium enema (diagnostic and therapeutic! Used majority of time)
  • surgery if enema fails
32
Q

Regurgitation vs vomiting

A

Regurgitation is not associated with nausea or retching, isn’t forceful unlike with vomiting

33
Q

GERD in children

A

Results due to lack of functional maturity of LES, common in 1st year of life and presents with poor weight gain (failure to thrive), vomiting, stridor, chronic cough at night. Once solid foods introduced usually resolves but can occasionally continue in severe cases requiring endoscopy and proper treatment

34
Q

GERD in children treatment (mild, moderate, and severe)

A
  • in mild cases keep upright after feeding
  • moderate/severe give a proton pump inhibitor
  • surgery in severe
35
Q

Acute appendicitis is very uncommon in age

A

3, teens

36
Q

Constipation in children

A

Generally defined as infrequent defecation, painful defecation, or both, very common during weaning and toilet training, if continues rectum gradually accomodates and noraml urge to defectate gradually vanishes which can lead to fecal incontinence (encopresis)

37
Q

Fecalith

A

Blockage of appendix opening with hardened stool, can be contributing to appendicitis

38
Q

Complications of chronic constipation (4)

A
  • rectal fissure
  • UTI
  • rectal prolapse
  • bacterial overgrowth
39
Q

Physical exam findings suggesting organic constipation (2), diagnosis (4) and treatment (5)

A
  • abdominal distension
  • lack of lumbosacral curve
  • history
  • thyroid tests
  • plain abdominal radiographs
  • barium enema
  • increase dietary fluid and fiber
  • stool softeners
  • stimulant laxatives
  • manual evacuation with enema
  • dietary mods
40
Q

100% of mothers with fetus having espohageal atresia without fistula have…

A

polyhydramnios

3rd Semester Final (248 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions