Growth and Development Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

4 periods of development

Answer 1

Infancy
Preschool years
Middle childhood
Adolescence

Question 2

5 major areas of normal development

Answer 2

1) gross motor skills (walking running)
2) fine motor/adaptive skills (writing, manipulating, hand eye)
3) language skills (hearing, language comprehenison and use)
4) personal/social skills (socialization, care for self)
5) cognitive skills (higher mental processing including comprehension, memory, and logical reasoning)

Question 3

___ works with fine motor skills, ___ work with gross

Answer 3

Occupational therapist, physical therapist

Question 4

Gross motor skill progression

Answer 4

1 month - raise head
2 month - lift chest off table
4 month - roll from front to back
6 month - sits unsupported
9 month - crawl, pull to stand, cruise (walk with support)
12 month - walk alone
15 month - walk backwards
18 month - runs
3 years - pedals a tricycle
4 years - hops
5 years - skips, jumps

Question 5

Fine motor/cognitive progression

Answer 5

1 month - tight grasp
2 month - no longer clench fist tightly
4 month - hold hands open, follow 180 deegrees
6 month - raking grasp
9 month - pincer grasp
12 month - release hand voluntariliy
15 month - tower of 2 blocks
18 months - tower of 3 blocks
2 years - tower of 7 blocks
3 years - copies a circle
4 years - can copy squrae, button
5 years - can copy a triangle

Question 6

Language progression

Answer 6

1 month - alerts to sound
2 month - smiles socially
4 months - laughs
6 months - babbles
12 months - use 2 words, waves bye
15 months - 4-6 words
18 months - 15 words
2 years - uses 2 word sentences
3 years - 3 word sentences
4 years - knows color
5 years - knows opposites

Question 7

Social skills progression

Answer 7

1 month - regards face
2 month -recognizing parent
4 month - enjoy looking around
6 month - recognize strangers
9 month - plays pat a cake
12 month - imitates action
15 month - use spoon and cup
18 month - copies parents tasks and plays in company of children
2 years - parallel play
3 years - group play
4 years - plays cooperatively
5 years - plays competitive games

Question 8

Warning signs for milestones at 2 months

Answer 8

child not responding to loud noises, doens’t follow things that move, doesn’t smile, doesn’t bring hands to mouth, cannot hold head up when laying on belly

Question 9

warning signs for milestones at 4 months

Answer 9

doesn’t watch things when they move, doesn’t smile, unable to hold head steady, cannot role from stomach to back

Question 10

warning signs for milestones at 6 months

Answer 10

doesn’t try to get things out of reach, shows noa ffection, does not respond to sounds, doesn’t roll over, doesn’t laugh, seems stiff and tight or floppy

Question 11

warning signs for milestones at 9 months

Answer 11

doesn’t bear weight, doesn’t sit with help, doesn’t babble, doesn’t play games, does not respond to name, doesn’t look where you point, doesn’t transfer toys from one hand to another

Question 12

Warning signs for milestones at 12 months

Answer 12

does not crawl, cannot stand hwen supported, doesn’t search for things you hide, doesn’t say a single word, doesn’t point to things, loses skills

Question 13

Warning signs for milestones at 18 months

Answer 13

-doens’t walk, doesn’t copy others, doesn’t gain new words, doesn’t notice if caregiver leaves or returns, doesn’t throw temper tantrums

Question 14

Warning signs for milestones at 2 years

Answer 14

-doesn’t use 2 word phrases, doesn’t know what to do with objects, doesn’t follow simple instructions

Question 15

Warning signs for milestones at 3 eyars

Answer 15

Falls down a lot and has toruble with stairs, unclear speech, doesn’t want to play with other children,

Question 16

Warning signs for milestones at 4 years

Answer 16

0cannot jump, scribble, ignores others, resists dressing, sleeping, using toilet

Question 17

Warning signs for milestones at 5 years

Answer 17

-doesn’t show wide range of emotions, trouble focusing on one activity for more than 5 min, doesn’t respond to people, cannot give first and last name, cannot draw pictures, cannot brush teeth, dry and wash hands and get undressed without help, should be potty trained (not without occasional nocturesis)

Question 18

How do we screen for developmental milestones? (4)

Answer 18

• parent paper questionairres (MCHAT)
• question parents directly
• assess directly in office
• refer to specialist

Question 19

Why should a gestational age be considered in meeting milestones?

Answer 19

They will not meet the milestones for their age, they will be delayed, but they should be appropriate for their gestational age, typically they catch up

Question 20

Recall female tanner staging

Answer 20

I-V, I has no breast and no pubic hair, V has fully developed breasts and full pubic hair

Question 21

Recall male tanner staging

Answer 21

I is small, hairless genitals
II sees some hair on the pubic symphysis
III is more than II
IV is full hair on pubic symphisis but none on the surounding thighs
V is hair on the thighs and pubic symphsis

Question 22

Normal weight progression

Answer 22

Newborn - lose 5-10% of birth weight but regain by 2 weeks
4-6 months - double birth weight
1 year - triple birth weight
1-2 - gain about 5 lbs

Question 23

Rapid increase in head circumference usually around 6-12 months requires ruling out…

Answer 23

…hydrocephalus

Question 24

Normal growth length progression

Answer 24

1 year grow to height 50% that of birth length

4 years height is double the length at birth

Question 25

Rapid jump or decrease in percentile on growth curve can indicate these 3 things

Answer 25

• neglect and abuse
• endocrinology
• decreased nutrition