Laryngeal Disorders Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

2 most common agents of croup (laryngotracheitis)

Answer 1

• RSV

- Parainfluenza virus*** most common

Question 2

Vestibular folds

Answer 2

“False” vocal cords that do not assist in phonation

Question 3

Intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 3

Intrinsic aduct and abduct vocal cords through rotating corniculate and arytenoid cartilages, extrinsic connect larynx to hyoid bone and elevate larynx during swallowing to allow epiglottis to cover airway

Question 4

Dysphonia

Answer 4

General term for vocal difficulty including hoarseness, limited projection, strained effort, changes in pitch of voice

Question 5

Chronic hoarseness associated with otalgia is often concerning for

Answer 5

Laryngeal carcinoma

Question 6

Stridor

Answer 6

Often characteristic presentation of a partial obstruction at the level of the larynx, monophonic high pitched sound

Question 7

Viral laryngitis

Answer 7

Most common cause of acute hoarseness, self limiting, may be associated with URI and other symptoms, resolves in 2 weeks and treated conservatively, emphasize voice rest

Question 8

Persistent muscle tension dysphonia

Answer 8

Occurs during overuse when pushing to project noise during episode of laryngitis

Question 9

With chronic distress of the larynx, important to rule out…

Answer 9

…malignancy

Question 10

Most common cause of stridor in children

Answer 10

Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

Question 11

Mild, moderate, and severe croup treatments

Answer 11

Mild - dexamethosone
Moderate - nebulized epi + dexamethasone
Severe - nebulized epi + dexamethasone + admission

Question 12

Whooping cough (bordella pertussis)

Answer 12

Classically presented in <6 month year old if infant not protected by 3rd immunization @6 month, appearing in adults because vaccination not lasting indefinitely (might spread if have contact with infant), classically presents with attacks of severe choking cough separated by long intervals of no cough at all

Question 13

Whooping cough treatment options

Answer 13

• supportive care

- antimicrobial prophylaxis for contacts

Question 14

Polypoid corditis (reinke’s edema)

Answer 14

Edema results in vocal fold mass with progressive deepening of the voice (low pitch and husky) in smokers or those with laryngopharyngeal reflux

Question 15

Polyps, nodules, varices (larynx)

Answer 15

Benign lesions (polyps are unilateral, nodule is bilateral) that due to phonotrauma can cause hoarseness, breathiness, or vocal roughness, and sensation of foreign body in throat

Question 16

Polyps, nodules, varices (larynx) treatment options (2)

Answer 16

• Voice therapy

- surgery

Question 17

Laryngeal papillomatosis and treatment options (2)

Answer 17

HPV strain 6, 11, or 16 infection of the vocal cords (travel thru birth canal), treated with antivirals or surgery

Question 18

Most common (although still rare to find) cause of lesions on vocal folds in child

Answer 18

Laryngeal papillomatosis