Module 9-oil seed species (Soybeans) Flashcards
what is a soybean and where were they originally found
The soybean is a legume, originally found in east Asia
why is soybean considered the most important seed in terms of
Soybean is considered to be the world’s most important oilseed in terms of production of seed, oil and meal
where is half of the worlds soybeans produced and what are some major producers
Half of the world’s soybean crop is produced in the United States, other major producers include Brazil, China, and Argentina
what is soybean production like in Canada
Canada is a minor producer of soybeans with growing concentrated in southern Ontario; however, new varieties have seen soybean production spread into areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in recent years.
where is most of the soybean production in canada
southern ontario
what is the nutritional composition of the soybean
The seed of the soybean contains 22% oil and 40% protein
what levels of acids is soybeans high and low in
Soybean oil is high in linoleic acid with moderate levels of palmitic and linolenic acids
what does the high linoleic acid levels mean for the soybean
The linolenic acid content means that soybean oil must be brush hydrogenated to counter its susceptibility to oxidation
what varieties of soybean are less susceptible to spoilage
Low linolenic and high oleic acid varieties are less susceptible to spoilage
what is soybean oil generally produced for
Soybean oil is a general purpose oil used for cooking and frying, as a food ingredient, in margarines and shortenings, for biodiesel production and in the production of oleochemicals (chemicals derived from plant and animal fats) used in the production of paints and varnishes
how is oil extracted from soybeans
Oil is extracted from soybeans by direct solvent extraction
what is a source of lecithin and how do you get it
Gums, the soluble impurities recovered from soybean oil by washing with hot water are a source of lecithin
what is soy lecithin made of
Soy lecithin is made up of three types of phospholipids
what is soy lecithin used for
it is used as an emulsifier or stabilizer in food manufacturing
what is a distillate byproduct from the deodorization of soybeans
A distillate by-product from deodorization of soybean oil is a source of sterols and tocopherols
what are sterols used for
Sterols are used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as food additives
what is found in tocopherols
Tocopherols have vitamin E activity and antioxidant properties.
how hard is soybean to dehull
The soybean seed is easily dehulled
what are the soybean hulls used to make
hulls are used to produce a low fibre, high protein meal
what is the protein content of soybean hulls
(50% protein, high lysine)
what is soybean meal quality considered in livestock feed
Soybean meal is considered the gold standard of high protein feed ingredients for livestock feeds, primarily for hogs and poultry
what is soy protein complemented by and why
Soy protein, being high in lysine but low in methionine is complemented by proteins from cereals such as corn that are high in methionine but low in lysine
what is needed to be done for soybean meal prosessing
Meal processing includes a desolventization process utilizing severe heat treatment to inactivate an endogenous trypsin inhibitor present in soybeans
what is soybean meal used for
The soybean meal is used in feed for all classes of livestock and in soy flours
what kind of soybean is used for human consumption
soy concentrates and soy isolates for human consumption
how much soy is used for human consumption and what is it
A relatively small amount of soybean meal is utilized in foods for human consumption such as soy flour, soy concentrates and isolate
what is soy flour and grits used for
Soy flour and grits are used to enhance the protein quality of bread and pasta, in the manufacture of soy sauce and as a binder for prepared meats
how much protein is contained in soy concentrates
Soy concentrates containing 65 to 70 percent protein
what are soy concentrates used for
they are used as meat extenders and substitutes
how much protein is contained in soy isolates
Soy isolates containing 85 to 90 percent protein
what are soy isolates used for
they are used in infant foods, as meat binders and as coffee whiteners
why may the demand for soy products increase
increasing demand for high protein, high fibre, low fat foods may expand demand for soy products in foods.
