Module 9-oil seed species (Soybeans)

Question 1

what is a soybean and where were they originally found

Answer 1

The soybean is a legume, originally found in east Asia

Question 2

why is soybean considered the most important seed in terms of

Answer 2

Soybean is considered to be the world’s most important oilseed in terms of production of seed, oil and meal

Question 3

where is half of the worlds soybeans produced and what are some major producers

Answer 3

Half of the world’s soybean crop is produced in the United States, other major producers include Brazil, China, and Argentina

Question 4

what is soybean production like in Canada

Answer 4

Canada is a minor producer of soybeans with growing concentrated in southern Ontario; however, new varieties have seen soybean production spread into areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in recent years.

Question 5

where is most of the soybean production in canada

Answer 5

southern ontario

Question 6

what is the nutritional composition of the soybean

Answer 6

The seed of the soybean contains 22% oil and 40% protein

Question 7

what levels of acids is soybeans high and low in

Answer 7

Soybean oil is high in linoleic acid with moderate levels of palmitic and linolenic acids

Question 8

what does the high linoleic acid levels mean for the soybean

Answer 8

The linolenic acid content means that soybean oil must be brush hydrogenated to counter its susceptibility to oxidation

Question 9

what varieties of soybean are less susceptible to spoilage

Answer 9

Low linolenic and high oleic acid varieties are less susceptible to spoilage

Question 10

what is soybean oil generally produced for

Answer 10

Soybean oil is a general purpose oil used for cooking and frying, as a food ingredient, in margarines and shortenings, for biodiesel production and in the production of oleochemicals (chemicals derived from plant and animal fats) used in the production of paints and varnishes

Question 11

how is oil extracted from soybeans

Answer 11

Oil is extracted from soybeans by direct solvent extraction

Question 12

what is a source of lecithin and how do you get it

Answer 12

Gums, the soluble impurities recovered from soybean oil by washing with hot water are a source of lecithin

Question 13

what is soy lecithin made of

Answer 13

Soy lecithin is made up of three types of phospholipids

Question 14

what is soy lecithin used for

Answer 14

it is used as an emulsifier or stabilizer in food manufacturing

Question 15

what is a distillate byproduct from the deodorization of soybeans

Answer 15

A distillate by-product from deodorization of soybean oil is a source of sterols and tocopherols

Question 16

what are sterols used for

Answer 16

Sterols are used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and as food additives

Question 17

what is found in tocopherols

Answer 17

Tocopherols have vitamin E activity and antioxidant properties.

Question 18

how hard is soybean to dehull

Answer 18

The soybean seed is easily dehulled

Question 19

what are the soybean hulls used to make

Answer 19

hulls are used to produce a low fibre, high protein meal

Question 20

what is the protein content of soybean hulls

Answer 20

(50% protein, high lysine)

Question 21

what is soybean meal quality considered in livestock feed

Answer 21

Soybean meal is considered the gold standard of high protein feed ingredients for livestock feeds, primarily for hogs and poultry

Question 22

what is soy protein complemented by and why

Answer 22

Soy protein, being high in lysine but low in methionine is complemented by proteins from cereals such as corn that are high in methionine but low in lysine

Question 23

what is needed to be done for soybean meal prosessing

Answer 23

Meal processing includes a desolventization process utilizing severe heat treatment to inactivate an endogenous trypsin inhibitor present in soybeans

Question 24

what is soybean meal used for

Answer 24

The soybean meal is used in feed for all classes of livestock and in soy flours

Question 25

what kind of soybean is used for human consumption

Answer 25

soy concentrates and soy isolates for human consumption

Question 26

how much soy is used for human consumption and what is it

Answer 26

A relatively small amount of soybean meal is utilized in foods for human consumption such as soy flour, soy concentrates and isolate

Question 27

what is soy flour and grits used for

Answer 27

Soy flour and grits are used to enhance the protein quality of bread and pasta, in the manufacture of soy sauce and as a binder for prepared meats

Question 28

how much protein is contained in soy concentrates

Answer 28

Soy concentrates containing 65 to 70 percent protein

Question 29

what are soy concentrates used for

Answer 29

they are used as meat extenders and substitutes

Question 30

how much protein is contained in soy isolates

Answer 30

Soy isolates containing 85 to 90 percent protein

Question 31

what are soy isolates used for

Answer 31

they are used in infant foods, as meat binders and as coffee whiteners

Question 32

why may the demand for soy products increase

Answer 32

increasing demand for high protein, high fibre, low fat foods may expand demand for soy products in foods.