Module 4-dairy production Flashcards
how is the can dairy industry run
The Canadian dairy industry is supply-managed; a national system that ensures production meets demand
does Canada do much import or export of dairy
There is relatively little import or export of dairy products into or out of Canada
how is the production of milk regulated
National production of milk is regulated by a quota system whereby dairy producers purchase “Milk Quota”
in Canada how do you purchase milk quota
you purchase “Milk Quota” through a bidding system
how does milk quota work
The purchased Milk Quota gives the producer the right to produce a set number of kilograms of milk, the amount of milk that can be produced is determined by how much milk is required. The price paid to the producer for milk is set by a “cost of production” formula. The set price and the assured market for milk provide dairy producers with stable economic returns
how is the supply management system maintained to prevent lots of dairy imports
The supply-management system has historically been maintained by applying high rates of duty to imported dairy products.
how big is the Canadian dairy industry
In 2018, just under one million cows made up the Canadian dairy herd producing 89.8 million hectolitres of milk (1 hectolitre = 100 litres)
what are the top three dairy-producing provinces
1) Quebec 2) Ontario 3) BC
what is Canadian dairy known for
high-quality dairy products and superior genetics
what dairy products does Canada export
imports of cheese, milk protein, exports of cheese, ice cream and whey products. Canada also exports its superior dairy genetics in the form of embryos, semen and live cattle
when was the management supply system introduced in Canada
The supply management system of Canada’s dairy industry was implemented by the Canadian Dairy Commission created in 1966
how much milk do Canadian dairy cows produce per lactation
Canadian dairy cows produce more than 10,000 kg of milk during a lactation cycle
how many breeds make up the Canadian dairy herd
seven
what breed makes up the vast majority of the herd
Holstein
why is the Holsten so popular
The Holstein has been specially bred for high milk yield and her milk production in 2018 was 2,500 kg higher than in 2001
what does higher milk yield per cow mean
the demand of milk has been met with a smaller herd size
what is the average culling age of cows
five years
what has caused a younger culling age
the high milk yield per cow
what are the characteristics of the other dairy breeds milk
they have lower milk yields with higher fat and protein content
how big is the average Canadian dairy farm
it is home to 89 cows in production; some will milk as little as 30 and other places milk up to 3,000 +/-
what are the dairy breeds (top 3 in order)
Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, brown swiss, milking shorthorn, guemsey, Canadienne
how old are Holstine heifers when they become sexually mature
around twelve months of age
when are Holstine heifers usually bread
they are usually inseminated for their first calf between fifteen and eighteen months of age
how long is a dairy cow gestation length
around nine months
how old are heifers when they have their first calf
around two years of age
how soon after being born are calfs removed from their mom
within the first few hours
once calves are removed what are they fed
heifer calves destined as replacements will be fed colostrum, usually from their own mothers
why is colostrum so important
it is rich in antibodies that are necessary for calves. Calves are born without antibodies, colostrum is necessary to provide the calves with protection against pathogens via passive immunity
how soon after being born do calves need colostrum
it should be supplied to calves within 6 hours of birth
why is it important for calves to get colostrum right after birth
calves’ gastrointestinal tracts can directly absorb antibodies for only a limited period following birth; additionally, the level of antibodies in the colostrum drops as time from birth increases
what happens to calves not retained
Calves that are not retained are usually shipped to sales barns immediately after birth, approximately 20 to 25 percent of shipped calves are not supplied with colostrum prior to shipping. Approximately half of the calves not supplied with colostrum will die and, if they survive, their growth rate is considerably slower than that of calves supplied with colostrum. The majority of calves not retained by the dairy farm are destined to become veal.
what will retained calves be raised on
Retained calves will be raised on whole milk or milk replacer which will gradually be replaced with concentrates and forage
how long after a calf is born does it take the cow to make regular milk
about 3 days after the calf is born cow will make regular milk
how many days will cows produce milk for
around 305 days
how soon after calving are cows re-inseminated
around 3 months after calving
what is the dry period? how long is it?
the time between the end of lactation and before the next calf is born. it’s around 60 days
when are cows culled
when milk production drops this is usually after three lactations
