module 2-meat and the human diet Flashcards

1
Q

why eat meat

A
  • it’s nutritional dense
  • nutrients contained within meat are bioavailable
  • our digestive systems can absorb and utilize the nutrients found in meat
  • Animal products supply nutrients that are absent, minimal or less bioavailable in plant products
  • less digestive processing than plant matter and the caloric density of meat means that we can obtain the energy we require while consuming less food mass
  • supports energy expensive for our large brains
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2
Q

does meat contain all essential amino acids

A

yes

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3
Q

why is it easier to get all the amino acids from meat

A

because getting access to protein in plants requires access to diverse foods because few single plant proteins are complete in their amino acid composition

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4
Q

how many grams of dietary protein to human require per Kg body weight

A

0.7 grams dietary protein/kg body weight

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5
Q

how is the quality of a protein source defined

A

amino acid compasition. specifically the level of amino acids it contains

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6
Q

what are complete proteins

A

Complete proteins supply all essential amino acids at the levels required by the human body

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7
Q

what minerals is meat high in

A

heme-iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, calcium and iodine

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8
Q

how much Fe is required in the human diet and when your pregnant

A

human dietary requirement for iron is seven to eighteen mg per day and up to 27 mg during pregnancy

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9
Q

what is the bioavailability of non-heme iron

A

5-12 precent

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10
Q

what kind of Fe CAN be found in plants

A

non-heme iron can be found in dark leafy veg, dried fruits, lentils, and soy beans

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11
Q

what is plant-sourced zinc bioavailability

A

18 to 26 percent

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12
Q

what is phytate

A

it’s contained in beans, seeds, nuts, and grains, and its a negatively charged anti-nutrient that can bind minerals and make them unavailable

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13
Q

can vitamin B 12 be found in plants

A

no

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14
Q

can vitamin A be found in plant sources

A

yes, how ever in meat its twenty times more bioavalable then vitaman A in plant source

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15
Q

can vitiman D3 and K2 found in plant sources

A

no, although they do have plant forms of it (D2 and K1)

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16
Q

how many for the essential omega-3 fatty acids are found only in meat and what are they

A

2/3. EPA and DHA

17
Q

why is livestock so important in developing countries

A

they are more then a source of protein they previde a buffer against crop failer, provide draugh power to pull machinery and transport goods,and their manure provides fertilizer and can be used as a fuel source in fires

18
Q

what is the major factor that increases the demand for animal protein

A

income, in general as income rises so does the demand for consumption of animals protein

19
Q

what is phase one in the income & socio-economic development

A

scavaging: focused on plant-based energy

20
Q

what is phase two in the income & socio-economic development

A

demand for aminal based protein increases more rapidly than the increase in income

21
Q

what is phase three in the income & socio-economic development

A

demand for animal-based protein increases more slowly than increase in income. more emphasis on food quality, safety and effects on consumer health, animal welfare & environmental impacts of food production

22
Q

what is phase four in the income & socio-economic development

A

animal product consumption levels off and becomes static

23
Q

what is phase five in the income & socio-economic development

A

at the highest level of wealth, animal product consumption declines. better education and health awareness bring consumption into better alignment with dietary requirements

24
Q

as the population moves from ___ to ___ demands for meat increase because…

A

rural to suburban/urban. perishable foods can be maintained more easily because of higher turnover and access to large-scale refrigeration

25
what three things contribute to an overall global increase in demand for animal-sourced foods
increasing population size, income and urbanization all contribute to an overall global increase
26
what are some factors that influence the kind of meat people eat
Cultural background, economic status, religious affiliation and availability, and meat preference of a society
27
the best source of essential fatty acids EPA and DHA
fish
28
what animal protein had the greatest increase over the last 50 years
chicken
29
nutrients that are easily digested and absorbed are
bioavailable
30
the major factor affecting demand for animal-sourced foods
income