module 2-meat and the human diet Flashcards
why eat meat
- it’s nutritional dense
- nutrients contained within meat are bioavailable
- our digestive systems can absorb and utilize the nutrients found in meat
- Animal products supply nutrients that are absent, minimal or less bioavailable in plant products
- less digestive processing than plant matter and the caloric density of meat means that we can obtain the energy we require while consuming less food mass
- supports energy expensive for our large brains
does meat contain all essential amino acids
yes
why is it easier to get all the amino acids from meat
because getting access to protein in plants requires access to diverse foods because few single plant proteins are complete in their amino acid composition
how many grams of dietary protein to human require per Kg body weight
0.7 grams dietary protein/kg body weight
how is the quality of a protein source defined
amino acid compasition. specifically the level of amino acids it contains
what are complete proteins
Complete proteins supply all essential amino acids at the levels required by the human body
what minerals is meat high in
heme-iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, calcium and iodine
how much Fe is required in the human diet and when your pregnant
human dietary requirement for iron is seven to eighteen mg per day and up to 27 mg during pregnancy
what is the bioavailability of non-heme iron
5-12 precent
what kind of Fe CAN be found in plants
non-heme iron can be found in dark leafy veg, dried fruits, lentils, and soy beans
what is plant-sourced zinc bioavailability
18 to 26 percent
what is phytate
it’s contained in beans, seeds, nuts, and grains, and its a negatively charged anti-nutrient that can bind minerals and make them unavailable
can vitamin B 12 be found in plants
no
can vitamin A be found in plant sources
yes, how ever in meat its twenty times more bioavalable then vitaman A in plant source
can vitiman D3 and K2 found in plant sources
no, although they do have plant forms of it (D2 and K1)
how many for the essential omega-3 fatty acids are found only in meat and what are they
2/3. EPA and DHA
why is livestock so important in developing countries
they are more then a source of protein they previde a buffer against crop failer, provide draugh power to pull machinery and transport goods,and their manure provides fertilizer and can be used as a fuel source in fires
what is the major factor that increases the demand for animal protein
income, in general as income rises so does the demand for consumption of animals protein
what is phase one in the income & socio-economic development
scavaging: focused on plant-based energy
what is phase two in the income & socio-economic development
demand for aminal based protein increases more rapidly than the increase in income
what is phase three in the income & socio-economic development
demand for animal-based protein increases more slowly than increase in income. more emphasis on food quality, safety and effects on consumer health, animal welfare & environmental impacts of food production
what is phase four in the income & socio-economic development
animal product consumption levels off and becomes static
what is phase five in the income & socio-economic development
at the highest level of wealth, animal product consumption declines. better education and health awareness bring consumption into better alignment with dietary requirements
as the population moves from ___ to ___ demands for meat increase because…
rural to suburban/urban. perishable foods can be maintained more easily because of higher turnover and access to large-scale refrigeration
what three things contribute to an overall global increase in demand for animal-sourced foods
increasing population size, income and urbanization all contribute to an overall global increase
what are some factors that influence the kind of meat people eat
Cultural background, economic status, religious affiliation and availability, and meat preference of a society
the best source of essential fatty acids EPA and DHA
fish
what animal protein had the greatest increase over the last 50 years
chicken
nutrients that are easily digested and absorbed are
bioavailable
the major factor affecting demand for animal-sourced foods
income
