module 4-aquaculture

Question 1

how much of the world’s biomass is found in the ocean

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

what is the oceans biomass made up of

Answer 2

seventy percent of that biomass is comprised of microbes and thirty percent is fish and arthropods

Question 3

how much does marine species account for the protein consumed by humans how many percent of people eating fish are in developing countries

Answer 3

Marine sources account for twenty percent of the protein consumed by humans and sixty percent of the people eating fish are in developing countries

Question 4

how many people rely on fish as their primary protein source

Answer 4

almost one billion people

Question 5

are we fishing sustainably

Answer 5

no, we are not

Question 6

how much has fish and seafood production increased in the last 50 years? how much has our population increased? how does this leave our per-person consumption

Answer 6

Fish and seafood production has quadrupled during the last fifty years during which time the human population has more than doubled and per person, consumption has also doubled

Question 7

in the last 50 year increase where has the fish been sourced

Answer 7

Global wild fish catch doubled during this time and the rest of the fish production has come from aquaculture (fish and seafood farming)

Question 8

how many percent of marine stocks have been overfished

Answer 8

almost 90% have been over fished or fished to capacity and 25 major commercially fished marine species are in perilous decline, threatened by having no potential increase in wild production

Question 9

how many bycatch fish are trapped a year

Answer 9

twenty-seven million metric tons of bycatch (untargeted trapped species) are destroyed and discarded every year

Question 10

how much fish is predicted that aquaculture will need to supply

Answer 10

supply two-thirds of the world’s seafood requirements by 2030

Question 11

aquaculture is great for at-risk species but what sustainability issues have come up with it

Answer 11

While aquaculture appears to be the only option for at-risk species, it is not without sustainability issues. Carnivorous fish require other fish for sustenance; farmed carnivorous fish are often fed fishmeal and fish oil harvested from wild species.

Question 12

Of the 180 million tonnes of fish harvested in 2018 how many tonnes went to non-human consumption

Answer 12

22 tonnes went to fishmeal and fish oil production for non-human consumption

Question 13

how are herbivorous fish fed

Answer 13

Herbivorous fish are supplied with protein sources from terrestrial agriculture

Question 14

what is more efficient at converting feed fish or livestock

Answer 14

fish!

Question 15

what sustainability issue may arise from aquaculture

Answer 15

The effects of aquaculture on water quality must also be considered.

Question 16

what can be added to aquaculture to improve sustainability

Answer 16

Sustainability benefits may arise if fish farming is combined with hydroponic plant production in aquaponic systems.

Question 17

how is most global aquaculture carried out

Answer 17

Most global aquaculture is carried out in extensive outdoor systems involving the stocking of existing bodies of water and utilizing naturally occurring feed and semi-intensive systems using pond fertilization or supplementing ponds with feed and aeration

Question 18

what is involved with maintaining the pond with extensive freshwater fish farming

Answer 18

Extensive freshwater fish farming involves maintaining ponds to promote the development of aquatic fauna to encourage the presence of micro-organisms, insects, larvae, and worms that form the base of the aquatic food pyramid and then stocking the ponds with young fish in the spring

Question 19

in extensive fish water farming what determines the stocking density

Answer 19

The stocking density is kept within the limits imposed by naturally existing food sources within the water body

Question 20

how is extensive marine fish farming carried out

Answer 20

Extensive marine fish farming is carried out in the same way as freshwater fish farming, using lagoons and coastal ponds in place of inland freshwater ponds.

Question 21

how are semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture carried out

Answer 21

Semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture can be carried out in manmade ponds, raceways or net pens with high stocking densities

Question 22

how do fish get food in a semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture system

Answer 22

Feed must be provided because the natural ecosystem is not sufficient to meet the needs of the large populations used to stock the water bodies

Question 23

how is the environment controlled in semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture

Answer 23

Aeration is usually necessary but the temperature is not controlled

Question 24

what profits are made in an extensive marine fish farm

Answer 24

Production from extensive systems is generally low but inputs are negligible.

Question 25

what profits are made in a semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture system

Answer 25

Semi-intensive systems are economical with moderate to high returns

Question 26

what is a Recirculating aquaculture systems

Answer 26

they are completely enclosed, intensively managed systems for the production of fish

Question 27

how is water managed in a recirculating aquaculture system

Answer 27

These systems utilize filtration and ultraviolet sterilization to clean water filtered out of the tanks; the water is then recycled back into the tanks

Question 28

what happens to filtered waste in a recirculating aquaculture system

Answer 28

Filtered waste can be used as fertilizer or as a basis for biogas production

Question 29

what is the main food source for a recirculating aquaculture system

Answer 29

Fish meal and fish oil are the main ingredients of feed for farmed fish; using these resources to feed fish could potentially reduce the amount of fish available for human consumption

Question 30

what changes are they hoping for when it comes to feeding a recirculating aquaculture system

Answer 30

Researchers are currently looking at ways to replace marine ingredients with products from soybeans, canola, peas, and flax; however, the practice of using terrestrial crops to feed marine species is called into question and more work needs to be put into developing marine plant production to support the production of fish

Question 31

why is aquaculture a good potential future job

Answer 31

aquaculture represents a solid opportunity for Canadian producers. The Canadian aquaculture industry has grown by 52% over the last ten years with production valued at $1.4 billion in 2017

Question 32

what breeds of fish does the Canadian aquaculture industry produce

Answer 32

Atlantic salmon, Chinook salmon, trout, Arctic char, blue mussels, oysters and clams

Question 33

what provinces are the top 3 aquaculture producing

Answer 33

The majority of Canadian aquaculture producers are found in British Columbia (52%), New Brunswick (21%) and Newfoundland (12%)

Question 34

what is the new strain of salmon that AquaBounty Technologies has produced

Answer 34

a genetically modified strain of salmon with superior growth rate and feed:meat conversion