module 4-aquaculture Flashcards
how much of the world’s biomass is found in the ocean
90%
what is the oceans biomass made up of
seventy percent of that biomass is comprised of microbes and thirty percent is fish and arthropods
how much does marine species account for the protein consumed by humans how many percent of people eating fish are in developing countries
Marine sources account for twenty percent of the protein consumed by humans and sixty percent of the people eating fish are in developing countries
how many people rely on fish as their primary protein source
almost one billion people
are we fishing sustainably
no, we are not
how much has fish and seafood production increased in the last 50 years? how much has our population increased? how does this leave our per-person consumption
Fish and seafood production has quadrupled during the last fifty years during which time the human population has more than doubled and per person, consumption has also doubled
in the last 50 year increase where has the fish been sourced
Global wild fish catch doubled during this time and the rest of the fish production has come from aquaculture (fish and seafood farming)
how many percent of marine stocks have been overfished
almost 90% have been over fished or fished to capacity and 25 major commercially fished marine species are in perilous decline, threatened by having no potential increase in wild production
how many bycatch fish are trapped a year
twenty-seven million metric tons of bycatch (untargeted trapped species) are destroyed and discarded every year
how much fish is predicted that aquaculture will need to supply
supply two-thirds of the world’s seafood requirements by 2030
aquaculture is great for at-risk species but what sustainability issues have come up with it
While aquaculture appears to be the only option for at-risk species, it is not without sustainability issues. Carnivorous fish require other fish for sustenance; farmed carnivorous fish are often fed fishmeal and fish oil harvested from wild species.
Of the 180 million tonnes of fish harvested in 2018 how many tonnes went to non-human consumption
22 tonnes went to fishmeal and fish oil production for non-human consumption
how are herbivorous fish fed
Herbivorous fish are supplied with protein sources from terrestrial agriculture
what is more efficient at converting feed fish or livestock
fish!
what sustainability issue may arise from aquaculture
The effects of aquaculture on water quality must also be considered.
what can be added to aquaculture to improve sustainability
Sustainability benefits may arise if fish farming is combined with hydroponic plant production in aquaponic systems.
how is most global aquaculture carried out
Most global aquaculture is carried out in extensive outdoor systems involving the stocking of existing bodies of water and utilizing naturally occurring feed and semi-intensive systems using pond fertilization or supplementing ponds with feed and aeration
what is involved with maintaining the pond with extensive freshwater fish farming
Extensive freshwater fish farming involves maintaining ponds to promote the development of aquatic fauna to encourage the presence of micro-organisms, insects, larvae, and worms that form the base of the aquatic food pyramid and then stocking the ponds with young fish in the spring
in extensive fish water farming what determines the stocking density
The stocking density is kept within the limits imposed by naturally existing food sources within the water body
how is extensive marine fish farming carried out
Extensive marine fish farming is carried out in the same way as freshwater fish farming, using lagoons and coastal ponds in place of inland freshwater ponds.
how are semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture carried out
Semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture can be carried out in manmade ponds, raceways or net pens with high stocking densities
how do fish get food in a semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture system
Feed must be provided because the natural ecosystem is not sufficient to meet the needs of the large populations used to stock the water bodies
how is the environment controlled in semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture
Aeration is usually necessary but the temperature is not controlled
what profits are made in an extensive marine fish farm
Production from extensive systems is generally low but inputs are negligible.
what profits are made in a semi-intensive outdoor aquaculture system
Semi-intensive systems are economical with moderate to high returns
what is a Recirculating aquaculture systems
they are completely enclosed, intensively managed systems for the production of fish
how is water managed in a recirculating aquaculture system
These systems utilize filtration and ultraviolet sterilization to clean water filtered out of the tanks; the water is then recycled back into the tanks
what happens to filtered waste in a recirculating aquaculture system
Filtered waste can be used as fertilizer or as a basis for biogas production
what is the main food source for a recirculating aquaculture system
Fish meal and fish oil are the main ingredients of feed for farmed fish; using these resources to feed fish could potentially reduce the amount of fish available for human consumption
what changes are they hoping for when it comes to feeding a recirculating aquaculture system
Researchers are currently looking at ways to replace marine ingredients with products from soybeans, canola, peas, and flax; however, the practice of using terrestrial crops to feed marine species is called into question and more work needs to be put into developing marine plant production to support the production of fish
why is aquaculture a good potential future job
aquaculture represents a solid opportunity for Canadian producers. The Canadian aquaculture industry has grown by 52% over the last ten years with production valued at $1.4 billion in 2017
what breeds of fish does the Canadian aquaculture industry produce
Atlantic salmon, Chinook salmon, trout, Arctic char, blue mussels, oysters and clams
what provinces are the top 3 aquaculture producing
The majority of Canadian aquaculture producers are found in British Columbia (52%), New Brunswick (21%) and Newfoundland (12%)
what is the new strain of salmon that AquaBounty Technologies has produced
a genetically modified strain of salmon with superior growth rate and feed:meat conversion
