Module 12-Genetically modified crops Flashcards
what is genetically modified crops
Genetically modified crops are crops that have been genetically engineered to improve their performance
if something has been genetically engineered how is it done
This means that either the desired gene(s) from one species have been transferred to the modified crop species or a gene in the crop species of interest has been altered with the use of gene-editing technology
what were crops that had desired genes from one species have been transferred to the modified crop species called
originally these were referred to as transgenic crops
what does the term genetically modify organism refer to (GMOs)
The term genetically modified organisms (GMOs) most commonly refers to crops although it does include animals, bacteria and yeasts
what can GMO crops also be referred to as
The crops may also simply be referred to as genetically modified (GM) or genetically engineered (GE) crops
what traits have Crop species been genetically engineered for
improving growth characteristics, increasing yield and optimizing nutritional value.
what are the main things crops have been GM for
pest resistance dieses resistance herbicide tolerance cold tolerance drought tolerance nutrient enrichment
how important are traditional plant breeding techniques in today’s agriculture
Traditional plant breeding techniques as they have been used in the past and continue to be used to improve the performance of crop species have been very effective in the development of most of today’s crops
what advantages do genetically modifying plants have compared to traditional plant breeding techniques
However, genetic engineering allows for more precise alterations in the characteristics of the crop and provides a means of introducing desirable traits from other species genetic engineering also reduces the time it takes to change the characteristics of the crop species and makes it possible to move desirable genes from one species to another
what are some potential hazards associated with genetically engineered crops
Potential hazards associated with genetically engineered crops include the risk of transferring genes advantageous for crop species to undesirable species and unintended consequences of transferred genes
For example, genes for herbicide tolerance transferred to weed species would negate the purpose of the genetic engineering for herbicide tolerance
how could insect-resistant gene products have a negative impact
Insect resistant gene products may lack specificity and negatively impact beneficial or non-harmful insect species thereby upsetting the natural balance of the environment. The loss of insect species threatens the entire food chain, from the animals and birds that feed on the insects through the animals that feed on the insect-eaters
what are people concerned about when eating GM plants
There are also concerns regarding potential negative effects of GMOs on the health of animals or people consuming the end-products although these latter concerns should be effectively discounted by the extensive testing required for GM products to reach the market, the widespread use of GM products in the foods we eat and the more than twenty years these products have been on market shelves.
when was the first genetically engineered plant produced and what year
The first genetically engineered plant product sold commercially for human consumption was the Flavr Savr tomato, licensed for sale in 1994.
what has the Flavr Savr tomato engineered to do and when was it discontinued
Production of the Flavr Savr tomato, genetically engineered to ripen more slowly than other tomatoes, was discontinued in 1997 because of difficulties transporting the delicate Flavr Savr tomatoes
since the Flavr Savr was discontinued how many crops have been approved for sale and use in canada
However, since then, more than eighty genetically modified crops have been approved for sale and for use in the manufacture of foodstuffs in Canada.