Module 8-rice

Question 1

how many people is rice a staple food for

Answer 1

ice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food to half of the world’s population

Question 2

where is rice native to

Answer 2

Rice is native to China

Question 3

how long ago was rice first cultivated

Answer 3

it was first cultivated over ten thousand years ago

Question 4

how many main subspecies of rice is there

Answer 4

two

Question 5

what are the two subspecies of rice

Answer 5

two main subspecies of rice, indica and japonica, that are descendants of Oryza rufipogon, the ancestral species of all Asian rices

Question 6

how did rice make its way through the world

Answer 6

From China, the domesticated rice moved to western India and Sri Lanka; later it was carried to Greece and other Mediterranean countries and then to other locations in southern Europe and northern Africa

Question 7

what did asian rice do to african wild rice

Answer 7

Asian rice supplanted most of the indigenous African rice (Oryza glaberrima) that was domesticated in Africa

Question 8

how is African rice cultivated

Answer 8

African rice is still cultivated in limited quantities

Question 9

when was rice brought over to brazil and introduced to south america

Answer 9

In the sixteenth century, Portuguese explorers brought rice to Brazil and Spaniards introduced it to Central and South America

Question 10

what happened to the rice in brazil once Chinese rice was brought over

Answer 10

The imported rice replaced the indigenous rice that had been domesticated in Brazil

Question 11

where was the earliest records of rice in North America

Answer 11

In North America, the earliest records of rice production show it being produced in coastal lowland and island areas of what is now South Carolina

Question 12

when was rice successfully produced in California and Australia

Answer 12

It was not until the twentieth century that rice was successfully produced in California and Australia

Question 13

where is 90% or rice produced today

Answer 13

Regardless of the many places where rice is cultivated, more than ninety percent of the world’s rice crop today is grown in China, India, Indonesia and Bangladesh

Question 14

what are some challenges of rice production

Answer 14

Rice cultivation is labour intensive and requires a great deal of water

Question 15

how is most rice used today

Answer 15

The vast majority of rice is consumed directly as food; some by-products from rice processing are incorporated into animal feeds and traditional farmers sometimes include rice in livestock diets.

Question 16

how many varieties of rice is there throughout out the world

Answer 16

There are forty thousand varieties of rice grown throughout the world displaying a wealth of colours and flavours

Question 17

how can rice varieties be classified

Answer 17

Rice varieties can be classified as long, medium and short grained on the basis of their cooked length-to-width ratio.

Question 18

describe long-grained rice

Answer 18

Long-grain rice is about four to five times as long as it is wide

Question 19

describe medium-grained rice

Answer 19

medium-grain rice is two to three times longer than it is wide

Question 20

describe short-grained rice

Answer 20

short-grain rice is barely wider than it is long

Question 21

how do the classes differ

Answer 21

The classes of rice differ in cooking qualities and the texture of the cooked product

Question 22

what causes the difference in texture of rice

Answer 22

Differences in texture are the result of differences in the proportion of amylose and amylopectin, the two starches in rice

Question 23

is long grain rice high in amylose? does it stick together when cooked?

Answer 23

Long-grain rice is high in amylose and does not stick together when cooked

Question 24

what is amylose

Answer 24

Amylose retards starch digestion and is considered a type of healthy fibre

Question 25

what is the amount of amylose in medium-grained rice

Answer 25

The amylose in medium-grain rice ranges from twelve to nineteen percent making it less starchy than long-grain rice

Question 26

how much amylopectin does short-grained rice contain. how sticky is it

Answer 26

Short grain rice has a higher proportion of amylopectin than medium- and long-grain rice amylopectin and, therefore, it is the most sticky of the rice classes

Question 27

when cooked what is the most sticky sized rice grain

Answer 27

short-grained rice

Question 28

how else can rice be categorized

Answer 28

Rice can also be categorized by husk and bran colour into red, green, violet, black and brown varieties

Question 29

how is coloured rices sold

Answer 29

Coloured varieties are sold with the bran intact to retain the colour and the additional nutrients contained within the bran.

Question 30

where is Canadian wild rice harvested

Answer 30

Canadian wild rice (Zinzania aquatica and Zinzania palustris) is harvested from an indigenous Canadian cereal grass that grows in marshlands and along waterways from Manitoba to the Atlantic Ocean

Question 31

what is the only cereal crop native to Canada

Answer 31

Canadian wild rice is the only cereal grain native to Canada

Question 32

is Canadian wild rice related to Asian rice

Answer 32

no its unrelated to Asian rice

Question 33

how long has canadian wild ricce been harvested for

Answer 33

Wild rice has been harvested in the Great Lakes region for thousands of years and is a significant part of the historical diet and culture of the Mississauga Nishnaabeg First Nations, the Algonkian and the Siouan

Question 34

what is the nutritional value of Canadian wild rice

Answer 34

Canadian wild rice has a nutty taste and a chewy texture and is high in protein, 100 g of wild rice will supply thirty percent of daily protein requirements

Question 35

is Canadian wild rice native to Saskatchewan

Answer 35

Canadian wild rice is not indigenous to Saskatchewan

Question 36

why and when was Canadian wild rice introduced to Saskatchewan

Answer 36

it was introduced into the province in the 1930s to provide food for muskrats valued by the trapping industry

Question 37

now how is Canadian wild rice production in Saskatchewan going

Answer 37

The Saskatchewan wild rice industry began to flourish in the late 1970s and Saskatchewan now produces a significant proportion of the Canadian wild rice cultivated in Canada

Question 38

how is rice production in flooded fields bad for the environment

Answer 38

Rice production in flooded fields produces more than ten percent of global annual methane emissions and water use is high.

Question 39

why is rice so important for many peoples nutrition

Answer 39

rice supplies sixteen to twenty percent of the calories consumed by humans and half a billion people get most of their calories from rice

Question 40

what practices of rice production can lead to air pollution

Answer 40

Rice residues left in a rice paddy after the rice is harvested are often burned causing air pollution or incorporated into the soil causing the release of methane and nitrous oxide

Question 41

how are we trying to mitigate the effects of rice cultivation and increase income for farmers

Answer 41

An attempt to find new uses for rice straw and husks is being made to generate additional income for rice farmers and mitigate the effects of rice cultivation

Question 42

what is the rice kernal

Answer 42

The rice kernel is a covered caryopsis, the hull is easily removed by impact or rubbing

Question 43

how is paddy rice harvested

Answer 43

Paddy rice is harvested with the hull intact

Question 44

what yields brow rice

Answer 44

Dehulling, removal of glumes (lemma and palea), yields brown rice with increased palatability and less fibre

Question 45

how is white rice made

Answer 45

Brown rice is abrasion-milled and polished to produce white polished rice and fines

Question 46

what are the characteristics of a rice kernel

Answer 46

The rice kernel is smaller than wheat, has no ventral crease and has a hard, quartz-like texture

Question 47

how does rice compare to wheat

Answer 47

The rice grain is lower in protein than wheat and its flour does not have good dough-forming properties

Question 48

is rice an option for people who are gluten free

Answer 48

Rice is gluten-free and rice flour is an option for people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance.