module 8-wheat processing and products

Question 1

What is wheat roller milled for

Answer 1

Wheat is roller milled into the flour that is used to produce bread, noodles, cakes, cookies or pastries or into semolina that is used to produce pasta

Question 2

why is wheat wet milled

Answer 2

its wet milled to produce gluten and starch

Question 3

what are by-products of roller milling

Answer 3

Wheat bran and wheat germ are by-products of roller milling.

Question 4

what happens when roller milling

Answer 4

Roller milling is used to separate the starchy endosperm (75%), the bran (23%) and the germ (2%)

Question 5

after roller milling what happens

Answer 5

The starchy endosperm is subsequently ground into flour or semolina for bread or pasta.

Question 6

why is it beneficial to separate the bran and the germ

Answer 6

The bran and the germ are collected as separate products. Removing the bran and the germ from flour improves its appearance, functionality and shelf life

Question 7

what are some down sides to separating the bran and germ

Answer 7

negatively impacts its nutrient content by removing much of the fibre and vitamins and some of the protein

Question 8

what is done to counteract the downsides of separating the bran and germ

Answer 8

To counteract these losses, flour is generally enriched with B vitamins and iron and much of the bran may be added back to the flour

Question 9

why are the protein and vitamin E in the germ lost when separating the the bran and germ

Answer 9

The protein and vitamin E in the germ is lost from the flour because it reduces shelf life and decreases the loaf volume of bread

Question 10

what is the purpose of roller milling

Answer 10

Roller milling is a gradual stepwise process that involves separating particles which differ in size and composition

Question 11

what are the five steps of roller milling

Answer 11

five discrete steps; namely, (1) cleaning, (2) conditioning, (3) break roll milling and sifting, (4) purification, and (5) reduction roller milling and sifting

Question 12

what does the cleaning process of roller milling

Answer 12

Cleaning refers to the removal of foreign material that could potentially damage milling equipment or reduce the quality of the flour

Question 13

what is the conditioning process of roller milling

Answer 13

Conditioning involves adjusting the moisture of the wheat to reduce the energy required to mill it into flour and facilitate the separation of the bran and germ from the starchy endosperm

Question 14

what determines the amount of water required for roller milling

Answer 14

The amount of water required increases with increasing hardness of the wheat

Question 15

what process does bran get separated in roller milling

Answer 15

sifting and purification

Question 16

what process does germ come out in roller milling

Answer 16

sifting

Question 17

what happens after conditioning

Answer 17

After conditioning, the wheat is passed through the first of four or five pairs of counter-rotating corrugated closely spaced milling rolls The first set of rolls breaks open the kernel and initiates the process of removing the starchy endosperm from the bran. Material from the first break rolls is transferred to a sifting system where bran fragments, large and small flour particles from the central portion of the endosperm and aggregates of endosperm with adhering bran are separated on the basis of particle size.