module 2-animal domestication Flashcards
What was the first animal to be domesticated
the dog
How long ago were dogs domesticated
around 50,000 years ago And at various times in different areas of the world
What area did the first dog domestication appear
the Middle East
What was used to make the modern dog
wild wolf and possibly some golden jackal
How would the first tamed wolves contributed to men
assisting in the hunt, guarding food supply, and intense of food shortages becoming food them selfs
What traits would wolves the hung around people have
traits that Increased there usefulness and decreased their aggression
How did dogs contribute to the raising of live stock
by guarding and herding them
Explain Russian scientist Dmitri Belyaevs fox experiment
an experiment that be gain in 1959 he bread foxes where the only breeding criteria was tameness. He chose foxes that were willing to approach humans and displayed no aggression
Besides friendliness what other characteristics came up with the foxes
floppy ears, short, curly tails, juvenilized facial and body features, reduces stressed hormone levels, mottled fur, areas of depigmentation and relatively long reproducing seasons.
What physical characteristics are seen with domestication syndrome
floppy ears, short, curly tails, juvenilized facial and body features, reduces stressed hormone levels, mottled fur, areas of depigmentation and relatively long reproducing seasons.
What is the neural crest cell hypothesis
the phenotype of domestication syndrome is the result of selection for tameness which is accompanied by a reduction in the number of migrating neural crest cells during early embryogenesis
What do embryonic neural crest cells do
they migrate to a plethora of locations and differentiate to become endocrine glands, cartilage, bone, fur, the peripheral nervous system, and other tissue
What can the selection for tameness can be accompanied by
changes in the many systems affected by the number of neural crest cells
What is the definition of domestication
the sustained multi-generation relationship with the one species controlling the reproduction and care of another species so the first species secures a more predictable supply of resources from the second species
How are domestic animals bred
in captivity for the benefit of a human community that retains complete control of the breeding, territorial organization, and food supply of the animals
While many species can be tamed if they are captured at a young age can all be domesticated
no, very few species possess the characteristics that make them amenable for domestication
Why can’t all species be domesticated
some fail to thrive of reproducing in captivity, others retain characteristics ie. aggression or fearfulness that makes them too dangerous to keep
How do you know a species has been domesticated
the new species must be fundamentally distinct from species that have not been domesticated
What origin do (most) domesticated animals have in-common
they are derived from wild species that lived in social groups with a dominant hierarchy structure
What does the cat not have in common with other domesticated animals
they don’t come from a dominant hierarchical background
What 5 things must be true to determine if an animal is truly domesticated
1) Be adaptable to a variety of environments and diets
2) breed rapidly in captivity
3) become sexually mature at a relatively young age
4) be docile and willingly submissive to humans
5) Have a controllable flight response
What kind of interaction with the same specie makes animals more easily domesticated
animals that lie in a social group with their own hierarchy can be easier domesticated than animals that aren’t
What are three benefits of chericteristics from animals species that live in social groups
1) they are accustomed to a natural hierarchy
2) they are typically more comfortable when they are in the company of other members of their own species, therefore less likely to wander off, if we can keep most confined the others remain in the vicinity
3) they tend to react as a group which makes them easier to control and move
