module 2-animal domestication

Question 1

What was the first animal to be domesticated

Answer 1

the dog

Question 2

How long ago were dogs domesticated

Answer 2

around 50,000 years ago And at various times in different areas of the world

Question 3

What area did the first dog domestication appear

Answer 3

the Middle East

Question 4

What was used to make the modern dog

Answer 4

wild wolf and possibly some golden jackal

Question 5

How would the first tamed wolves contributed to men

Answer 5

assisting in the hunt, guarding food supply, and intense of food shortages becoming food them selfs

Question 6

What traits would wolves the hung around people have

Answer 6

traits that Increased there usefulness and decreased their aggression

Question 7

How did dogs contribute to the raising of live stock

Answer 7

by guarding and herding them

Question 8

Explain Russian scientist Dmitri Belyaevs fox experiment

Answer 8

an experiment that be gain in 1959 he bread foxes where the only breeding criteria was tameness. He chose foxes that were willing to approach humans and displayed no aggression

Question 9

Besides friendliness what other characteristics came up with the foxes

Answer 9

floppy ears, short, curly tails, juvenilized facial and body features, reduces stressed hormone levels, mottled fur, areas of depigmentation and relatively long reproducing seasons.

Question 10

What physical characteristics are seen with domestication syndrome

Answer 10

floppy ears, short, curly tails, juvenilized facial and body features, reduces stressed hormone levels, mottled fur, areas of depigmentation and relatively long reproducing seasons.

Question 11

What is the neural crest cell hypothesis

Answer 11

the phenotype of domestication syndrome is the result of selection for tameness which is accompanied by a reduction in the number of migrating neural crest cells during early embryogenesis

Question 12

What do embryonic neural crest cells do

Answer 12

they migrate to a plethora of locations and differentiate to become endocrine glands, cartilage, bone, fur, the peripheral nervous system, and other tissue

Question 13

What can the selection for tameness can be accompanied by

Answer 13

changes in the many systems affected by the number of neural crest cells

Question 14

What is the definition of domestication

Answer 14

the sustained multi-generation relationship with the one species controlling the reproduction and care of another species so the first species secures a more predictable supply of resources from the second species

Question 15

How are domestic animals bred

Answer 15

in captivity for the benefit of a human community that retains complete control of the breeding, territorial organization, and food supply of the animals

Question 16

While many species can be tamed if they are captured at a young age can all be domesticated

Answer 16

no, very few species possess the characteristics that make them amenable for domestication

Question 17

Why can’t all species be domesticated

Answer 17

some fail to thrive of reproducing in captivity, others retain characteristics ie. aggression or fearfulness that makes them too dangerous to keep

Question 18

How do you know a species has been domesticated

Answer 18

the new species must be fundamentally distinct from species that have not been domesticated

Question 19

What origin do (most) domesticated animals have in-common

Answer 19

they are derived from wild species that lived in social groups with a dominant hierarchy structure

Question 20

What does the cat not have in common with other domesticated animals

Answer 20

they don’t come from a dominant hierarchical background

Question 21

What 5 things must be true to determine if an animal is truly domesticated

Answer 21

1) Be adaptable to a variety of environments and diets
2) breed rapidly in captivity
3) become sexually mature at a relatively young age
4) be docile and willingly submissive to humans
5) Have a controllable flight response

Question 22

What kind of interaction with the same specie makes animals more easily domesticated

Answer 22

animals that lie in a social group with their own hierarchy can be easier domesticated than animals that aren’t

Question 23

What are three benefits of chericteristics from animals species that live in social groups

Answer 23

1) they are accustomed to a natural hierarchy
2) they are typically more comfortable when they are in the company of other members of their own species, therefore less likely to wander off, if we can keep most confined the others remain in the vicinity
3) they tend to react as a group which makes them easier to control and move