module 8-structure and composition of cereal grains

Question 1

what family in the cereal grains in

Answer 1

The cereal grains are members of the grass family, Poaceae (also called Graminae), that produce dry, one-seeded fruits

Question 2

what is the fruit of a cereal grain called

Answer 2

The fruit is commonly referred to as a kernel or grain, although biologically it is a dry, non-dehiscent, single-seeded caryopsis

Question 3

what is the caryopsis comprised of

Answer 3

The caryopsis is comprised of a pericarp (fruit coat) and a seed

Question 4

what is the grain made up of

Answer 4

The seed itself is made up of the embryo (or germ), the endosperm (aleurone and starchy endosperm) and the seed coat (testa). The pericarp, testa, aleurone and a portion of the starchy endosperm are collectively called bran

Question 5

what is hulless of naked variety of grains

Answer 5

Hulless or naked varieties of of grains have hulls that easily separate from the caryopsis during harvest; this trait has been genetically selected for and established in oats and barley

Question 6

what is the principal constituents of cereal grains

Answer 6

The principal constituents of cereal grains are starch (65 to 70%), protein (10 to 15%), fibre (10 to 30%), lipids (2 to 10%) and minerals (2 to 4%)

Question 7

what factors can make the composition of the seed very

Answer 7

There is considerable variation in composition resulting from genetics, environment and agronomic practices used to produce the grain

Question 8

what determines what a grain is useful for

Answer 8

The structure of the grains and their composition determine how the grains must be processed and their end uses.

Question 9

what is the bran

Answer 9

Bran consists of the pericarp, the seed coat, and the aleurone layer

Question 10

what is the endosperm

Answer 10

the part of a seed which acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protein and other nutrients

Question 11

what is the germ

Answer 11

The germ is the core of the seed where growth occurs

Question 12

what is the pericarp

Answer 12

the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary

Question 13

what is the testa

Answer 13

the seed coat

Question 14

are the nutrients within a grain accessible

Answer 14

Many of the nutrients contained within the grain are inaccessible unless the grain is processed.

Question 15

cereal grains are memebers of the ___ family

Answer 15

grass

Question 16

a grain is a dry, non-dehiscent, single-seeded ____

Answer 16

caryopsis

Question 17

the fruit of a cereal grain is called

Answer 17

a kernel

Question 18

the pericarp, testa, aleurone and a portion of the starchy endosperm of a grain are collectively referred to as the

Answer 18

bran

Question 19

the aleurone and starchy endosperm of a grain are collectively called the

Answer 19

endosperm

Question 20

the aleurone and starchy endosperm of a grain are collectively called the

Answer 20

endosperm

Question 21

a seed embryo is also called the

Answer 21

the germ

Question 22

cereal grains are made up of 60 to 75%

Answer 22

starch