midterm Flashcards
the first great emperor of the Eastern Roman empire (byzantium)
Justinian I
most famous cathedral built during Justinian’s rule
hagia sophia
picture or symbol of Christ, Mary, or a saint
icons
belief that Peter was the first Bishop of the church
Petrine theory
the first medieval pope
Gregory I
religious actions that provide salvation
sacraments
pieces of holy objects
relics
decrease time in purgatory
indulgences
made the Bible almost completely illegal
council of toulose
withdrawing from society and living in solitude to be free from sin
monasticism
missionary monks
friars
commenced the Carolingian line of Frankish kings; mayor of the palace
Pepin the short
battle that charles Martel defeated moors in
battle of tours
first great empire after rome
franks
first leader of franks
Clovis
Frankish empire was strongest since the romans under his rule
Charlemagne/Charles the Great/Charles I
treaty that was the foundation of france and germany
treaty of verdun
Muslims from North Africa
moors
The most famous Mayor of the Palace
Charles Martel
first of Hohenstaufen line
Frederick Barborossa
took the papacy to the zenith of its power
Pope Innocent III
Pope when Phillip the Fair took the Roman church captive and moved it to France (Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy)
Boniface VIII
kings personal land
crownland
lived on kings land and fought for him
knights
code of conduct for knights
chivalry
identifying images for knights
heraldry
the “do nothing” kings
merovingian
earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles
celts
where Angles, Saxons, and Jutes are from
denmark
greatest Saxon poem about Anglo-Saxon culture
beowulf
First Archbishop of Canterbury
Augustine
first great king of england
Alfred the great
two people that fought after Edward the confessor died without an heir; which battle
William from Normandy and Herold Godwin; battle of hastings
battle of hastings date
1066
started plantagenent line
Henry II
called “the lion hearted”
Richard I
most hated king of england
John
John was forced to sign this. when?
magna carta; 1215
written plan that sets up from of government
constitution
king when model parliament was created. his nickname?
Edward I; longshanks
100 years war
England and france
peasant girl who led France in 100 years war
Joan of arc
last king of plantagenet line
Richard II
war of roses
landcasters vs. yorks
won war of roses
lancaster
first king of house of lancaster. what line of kings did he start?
Henry VII; tudor
coronation started the modern nation of France 987
Hugh Capet
got in a fight with Boniface VIII. this started Babylonian Captivity of the papacy
Phillip the Fair/ Philip IV
war led by Spanish kingdoms to defeat moors
reconquista
France version of parliament
estates general
sent Christopher Columbus on his voyage
Ferdinand(Aragon) and Isabella(Castille)
led the age of exploration/ foremost nation in the age of exploration
Portugal (ancient name was Lusitania)
travelled far east during the 1200s
Marco polo
first European to reach far east by sea
Vasco de Gama
date Columbus sailed
October 12, 1492
first great civilization of the Western Hemisphere
mayas
most important civilization in the south
Incas
conquered the Incas
Francisco Pizarro
most powerful north american empire at the beginning of the age of exploration
Aztecs
first Spanish landing in North america
Ponce de leon
first to circumnavigate the globe
ferdinand magellan
imaginary line that ended the rivalry between spain and portugal
line of demarcation
fabled water route France was in search for
northwest passage
first modern explorer to reach northern america
John Cabot
printed the first completed Greek New testament in 1516
Erasmus
A friar appointed who traveled in Europe selling indulgences for Pope Leo X
Johann Tetzel
date Martin Luther nailed 95 thesis/start of reformation
October 31, 1517
official church meeting
diet
declared Martin Luther a heretic
edict of worms
first protestant university in europe
University of Wittenburg
political divisions of switzerland
cantons
priest in Switzerland that preached the truth of the Bible
Zwingli
followers of John Calvin
Calvinist
believed baptism came after salvation
Anabaptist
founded the jesuits
Ignatius Loyola
group of people that think of themselves as one
nation
God’s rule over all nations
sovereignty
first civil ordinance
capital punishment
first protestant confession of faith
Augsburg confession
established state churches in Germany
Peace of Augsburg
built the world’s first empire
Nimrod
Dutch nobleman who led the fight for freedom
(during the mid 1500s)
(also called “FATHER OF DUTCH LIBERTIES”)
William the Silent
removed England from the Catholic church
Henry VIII
Henry VIII’s only son
Edward VI
Henry VIII’s oldest daughter
Mary Tudor/ “Bloody Mary”
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bolelyn
Elizabeth I
led protestants in Scotland
John Knox
employed by queen Elizabeth; first englishman to circle the globe; “sea dog”
Francis Drake
year invincible armada was defeated
1588
french Calvinist protestants
hugeunots
Catherine’s attempt at peace with the protestants
Edict of January
First protestant king of catholic France
Henry of Navarre/ Henry IV
greatest contribution of sumerians
art of writing
peninsula that Greece is on
balkan peninusla
where abraham was from
Ur
way of life for a group of people
culture
date of 30 years war
1618-1648
