midterm Flashcards by jenna .

the first great emperor of the Eastern Roman empire (byzantium)

Justinian I

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most famous cathedral built during Justinian’s rule

hagia sophia

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picture or symbol of Christ, Mary, or a saint

icons

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belief that Peter was the first Bishop of the church

Petrine theory

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the first medieval pope

Gregory I

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religious actions that provide salvation

sacraments

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pieces of holy objects

relics

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decrease time in purgatory

indulgences

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made the Bible almost completely illegal

council of toulose

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withdrawing from society and living in solitude to be free from sin

monasticism

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missionary monks

friars

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commenced the Carolingian line of Frankish kings; mayor of the palace

Pepin the short

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battle that charles Martel defeated moors in

battle of tours

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first great empire after rome

franks

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first leader of franks

Clovis

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Frankish empire was strongest since the romans under his rule

Charlemagne/Charles the Great/Charles I

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treaty that was the foundation of france and germany

treaty of verdun

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Muslims from North Africa

moors

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The most famous Mayor of the Palace

Charles Martel

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first of Hohenstaufen line

Frederick Barborossa

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took the papacy to the zenith of its power

Pope Innocent III

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Pope when Phillip the Fair took the Roman church captive and moved it to France (Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy)

Boniface VIII

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kings personal land

crownland

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lived on kings land and fought for him

knights

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code of conduct for knights

chivalry

identifying images for knights

heraldry

the "do nothing" kings

merovingian

earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles

celts

where Angles, Saxons, and Jutes are from

denmark

greatest Saxon poem about Anglo-Saxon culture

beowulf

First Archbishop of Canterbury

Augustine

first great king of england

Alfred the great

two people that fought after Edward the confessor died without an heir; which battle

William from Normandy and Herold Godwin; battle of hastings

battle of hastings date

1066

started plantagenent line

Henry II

called "the lion hearted"

Richard I

most hated king of england

John

John was forced to sign this. when?

magna carta; 1215

written plan that sets up from of government

constitution

king when model parliament was created. his nickname?

Edward I; longshanks

100 years war

England and france

peasant girl who led France in 100 years war

Joan of arc

last king of plantagenet line

Richard II

war of roses

landcasters vs. yorks

won war of roses

lancaster

first king of house of lancaster. what line of kings did he start?

Henry VII; tudor

coronation started the modern nation of France 987

Hugh Capet

got in a fight with Boniface VIII. this started Babylonian Captivity of the papacy

Phillip the Fair/ Philip IV

war led by Spanish kingdoms to defeat moors

reconquista

France version of parliament

estates general

sent Christopher Columbus on his voyage

Ferdinand(Aragon) and Isabella(Castille)

led the age of exploration/ foremost nation in the age of exploration

Portugal (ancient name was Lusitania)

travelled far east during the 1200s

Marco polo

first European to reach far east by sea

Vasco de Gama

date Columbus sailed

October 12, 1492

first great civilization of the Western Hemisphere

mayas

most important civilization in the south

Incas

conquered the Incas

Francisco Pizarro

most powerful north american empire at the beginning of the age of exploration

Aztecs

first Spanish landing in North america

Ponce de leon

first to circumnavigate the globe

ferdinand magellan

imaginary line that ended the rivalry between spain and portugal

line of demarcation

fabled water route France was in search for

northwest passage

first modern explorer to reach northern america

John Cabot

printed the first completed Greek New testament in 1516

Erasmus

A friar appointed who traveled in Europe selling indulgences for Pope Leo X

Johann Tetzel

date Martin Luther nailed 95 thesis/start of reformation

October 31, 1517

official church meeting

diet

declared Martin Luther a heretic

edict of worms

first protestant university in europe

University of Wittenburg

political divisions of switzerland

cantons

priest in Switzerland that preached the truth of the Bible

Zwingli

followers of John Calvin

Calvinist

believed baptism came after salvation

Anabaptist

founded the jesuits

Ignatius Loyola

group of people that think of themselves as one

nation

God's rule over all nations

sovereignty

first civil ordinance

capital punishment

first protestant confession of faith

Augsburg confession

established state churches in Germany

Peace of Augsburg

built the world's first empire

Nimrod

Dutch nobleman who led the fight for freedom (during the mid 1500s) (also called "FATHER OF DUTCH LIBERTIES")

William the Silent

removed England from the Catholic church

Henry VIII

Henry VIII's only son

Edward VI

Henry VIII's oldest daughter

Mary Tudor/ "Bloody Mary"

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Bolelyn

Elizabeth I

led protestants in Scotland

John Knox

employed by queen Elizabeth; first englishman to circle the globe; "sea dog"

Francis Drake

year invincible armada was defeated

1588

french Calvinist protestants

hugeunots

Catherine's attempt at peace with the protestants

Edict of January

First protestant king of catholic France

Henry of Navarre/ Henry IV

greatest contribution of sumerians

art of writing

peninsula that Greece is on

balkan peninusla

where abraham was from

way of life for a group of people

culture

date of 30 years war

1618-1648