ch 8(rome) Flashcards
Peninsula of Rome
Italian/APPENINE Peninsula
3 main islands surrounding Italy
Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
form a northern border for the (roman) peninsula
The Alps
an Itali tribe that founded Rome in 753 B.C.
Latins
Northern Italian seafaring people; created social classes of patricians (upper class) and plebeians (lower class)
Etruscans
two social classes of rome
patricians (upper class) and plebeians (lower class)
Name given to southern Italy/ people were settling here that were influenced by greece
Magna Graecia meaning Greater Greece
Rome’s greatest rival in the Western Mediterranean (Northern Africa)
Carthage
European Barbarians who lived in Europe
Gauls
What did parents teach
pietas(piety), gravitas(gravity), and dignitas(dignity)
Rome’s main temple
Pantheon
who lead roman education
parents
tutored roman sons (if wealthy)
pedagogue (slave)
Founding of Rome
753 B.C.
elected political group that represented the citizens of rome (commoners)
Assembly
advisory body to the king
Senate
replaces the Assembly; represented centuries (military units) of citizen-soldiers
Assembly of Centuries
the people revolted against the king and established what in 509 B.C.
Roman Republic
a form of government where the political powers belong to the people
Republic
two men who led the government; they could check each other’s power and veto (“I forbid”; latin word)
Consuls
the most powerful and prestigious body of the Republican Rome
the senate
were plebeians represented?
no
plebeians gained political power by creating what in 493 B.C.
concilium plebis
latin word meaning “I forbid”
veto
monarch who represented the plebeians
Tribune
laws written down giving the plebs more political power; all citizens could vote and hold public office
Twelve tables (451 B.C.)
2 of Rome’s greatest contributions to western citizens
Republican form of government and reverence for rule of law
military units; made sure there was no talk of rebellion
legions
date that all of italy belonged to Rome (their legions discouraged rebellion)
256 B.C.
Date of First Punic War
264-241 B.C.
invaded the island of Sicily (in the first punic war)
Carthage
What did Rome created to defend Sicily
a powerful navy
what did rome end up controlling in the first punic war?
the Mediterranean Sea
Second Punic War dates
218-202 B.C.
Carthaginian general who invaded Rome across the Alps; fought in Italy for 12 years
Hannibal
What did Hannibal(he was from Africa) use to invade rome with
elephants
sent to attack Carthage
Scipio sent to attack Carthage
hannibal was defeated (by scipio and his army) in what battle
Battle of Zama
Rome invaded and decisively destroyed Carthage in this battle (final defeat of carthage)
Third Punic War
dates for third punic war
149-146 B.C
Rome conquered what in 146 B.C.
Greece and Macedonia
The Middle East fell by ____?
133 B.C.
Roman Empire controlled what in 133 B.C.
The entire Mediterrannean world
problems with rise of roman empire/roman empire success
- Good character traits disappeared
- Economic Decline; wealth went mostly to patricians
- “Bread and Circuses”
Provided free food and entertainment
“Bread and Circuses”