ch 8(rome) Flashcards
1
Q
Peninsula of Rome
A
Italian/APPENINE Peninsula
2
Q
3 main islands surrounding Italy
A
Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily
3
Q
form a northern border for the (roman) peninsula
A
The Alps
4
Q
an Itali tribe that founded Rome in 753 B.C.
A
Latins
5
Q
Northern Italian seafaring people; created social classes of patricians (upper class) and plebeians (lower class)
A
Etruscans
6
Q
two social classes of rome
A
patricians (upper class) and plebeians (lower class)
7
Q
Name given to southern Italy/ people were settling here that were influenced by greece
A
Magna Graecia meaning Greater Greece
8
Q
Rome’s greatest rival in the Western Mediterranean (Northern Africa)
A
Carthage
9
Q
European Barbarians who lived in Europe
A
Gauls
10
Q
What did parents teach
A
pietas(piety), gravitas(gravity), and dignitas(dignity)
11
Q
Rome’s main temple
A
Pantheon
12
Q
who lead roman education
A
parents
13
Q
tutored roman sons (if wealthy)
A
pedagogue (slave)
14
Q
Founding of Rome
A
753 B.C.
15
Q
elected political group that represented the citizens of rome (commoners)
A
Assembly
16
Q
advisory body to the king
A
Senate
17
Q
replaces the Assembly; represented centuries (military units) of citizen-soldiers
A
Assembly of Centuries
18
Q
the people revolted against the king and established what in 509 B.C.
A
Roman Republic
19
Q
a form of government where the political powers belong to the people
A
Republic
20
Q
two men who led the government; they could check each other’s power and veto (“I forbid”; latin word)
A
Consuls
21
Q
the most powerful and prestigious body of the Republican Rome
A
the senate
22
Q
were plebeians represented?
A
no
23
Q
plebeians gained political power by creating what in 493 B.C.
A
concilium plebis
24
Q
latin word meaning “I forbid”
A
veto
25
monarch who represented the plebeians
Tribune
26
laws written down giving the plebs more political power; all citizens could vote and hold public office
Twelve tables (451 B.C.)
27
2 of Rome’s greatest contributions to western citizens
Republican form of government and reverence for rule of law
28
military units; made sure there was no talk of rebellion
legions
29
date that all of italy belonged to Rome (their legions discouraged rebellion)
256 B.C.
30
Date of First Punic War
264-241 B.C.
31
invaded the island of Sicily (in the first punic war)
Carthage
32
What did Rome created to defend Sicily
a powerful navy
33
what did rome end up controlling in the first punic war?
the Mediterranean Sea
34
Second Punic War dates
218-202 B.C.
35
Carthaginian general who invaded Rome across the Alps; fought in Italy for 12 years
Hannibal
36
What did Hannibal(he was from Africa) use to invade rome with
elephants
37
sent to attack Carthage
Scipio sent to attack Carthage
38
hannibal was defeated (by scipio and his army) in what battle
Battle of Zama
39
Rome invaded and decisively destroyed Carthage in this battle (final defeat of carthage)
Third Punic War
40
dates for third punic war
149-146 B.C
41
Rome conquered what in 146 B.C.
Greece and Macedonia
42
The Middle East fell by ____?
133 B.C.
43
Roman Empire controlled what in 133 B.C.
The entire Mediterrannean world
44
problems with rise of roman empire/roman empire success
1. Good character traits disappeared
2. Economic Decline; wealth went mostly to patricians
3. "Bread and Circuses"
45
Provided free food and entertainment
"Bread and Circuses"
46
prisoners of war forced to fight in public shows
Gladiators
47
instituted reforms and were opposed by the Senate
Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus
(The Gracchus Brothers)
48
what were the masses and senate called
Marius and Sulla
49
the first civil war of rome (who fought in it?)
fought between Marius (Masses) and Sulla (Senate)
50
the second civil war
fight between Pompey vs. Julius Caesar
51
nephew of marius; concerned for the masses
julius caesar
52
Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed what (that ruled rome)
triumvirate
53
Julius Caesar was elected what in 59 B.C. with Pompey's support
consul
54
What did Julius Caesar become governor of
Gaul; he conquered much of Europe
55
Became jealous of his power and told him to disband his army
Senate and Pompey
56
What did Julius Caesar do that declared war on the senate
Crossed the Rubicon
57
When did Caesar control Rome
49-44 B.C.
58
when was pompey defeated
48 B.C.
59
Last of the Ptolemaic rulers
Cleopatra
60
Callender Julius Caesar created
Established the Julian Calendar
61
Defeated pompey
julius caesar
62
alexanders day of death
march 15, 44 B.C.
63
how did caesar die?
senate members came after him; he was stabbed 23 times; gave up when he was his best friend brutus
64
Third Civil War
Mark Antony vs. Octavian
65
2 main rivals for succession after Julius Caesar
Mark Antony and Octavian
66
formed by mark antony and octavian and lepidus (during 3rd civil war; it was a division of power)
2nd triumvirate
67
civil war date (between octavian and mark antony)
37 B.C.
68
one of history's most decisive battles
Battle of Actium
69
Antony was defeated in what battle (by Octavian)
Battle of Actium
70
how did Octavian gain support from the Masses?
Mark Antony gave land to his girlfriend cleopatra
71
how did cleopatra and mark antony die? (what happened after?)
they committed double suicide; octavian became leader of rome
72
became the undisputed emperor of the entire Roman Empire
Octavian
73
Common name for Octavian (DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Caesar Augustus
74
name that means revere(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
caesar
75
Jesus was born during his reign(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Caesar Augustus
76
time of peace for rome(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Pax Romana
77
began during Caesar's rule(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Pax Romana
78
came after caesar (rulers)(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Claudian Dynasty
79
Emperor during the life and death of Jesus Christ
First ruler of the Claudian Dynasty(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Tiberius
80
Second claudian emperor(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Caligula
81
Insane and murdered by his body guards(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Caligula
82
what did caligula elect to run in senate(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
a horse
83
Caligula's uncle; third Claudian ruler(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Claudius
84
conquered during Claudius's rule(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Briton (great britain)
85
Claudius’ stepson; last Claudian Emperor(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Nero
86
What bad thing did Nero do; who was blamed?(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
He burned down rome (while sitting on his porch playing an instrument watching); he blamed christians
87
First of the Flavian Emperors(DON'T NEED TO KNOW FOR QUIZ)
Vespasian
88
destroyed the temple in Jerusalem
Titus
89
destroyed Pompeii during Titus's reign
Mt. Vesuvius
90
Vespasian's oldest son; second flavian emperor
Titus
91
Vespasian’s second son; third Flavian emperor
Considered himself a god
Domitian
92
Good in Rome's eyes because they upheld the law; greatly persecuted christians
Five "Good" Emperors
93
(army that) became the true power of Rome (after the Pax Romana)
Barracks Emperors
94
Divided the Empire into Eastern and Western Sections
Diocletian
95
Who ruled in west
Who ruled in east
(the roman empire/entire kingdom)
Maximian- west
Diocletian- east
96
broke out After the emperors stepped down over the throne. what was it? who won?
a civil war
Constantine won
97
legalized christianity (wrote this?)
Edict of Milian; constantine
98
Constantine saw what (vision)
cross
99
Constantine reunited the empire and moved the capital to ___? what was it renamed?
*Byzantium*; it was renamed *Constantinople* in his honor
100
permanently split rome in 395 (into eastern and western sections)
Theodosius
101
Germanic tribe that invaded Italy in 409
Visigoths
102
Brought Italy and the majority of the western empire under their control
Visigoths
103
Legacy of Rome
Latin language, Roman law, and Republican Government
104
common latin language
Vernacular (vulgar)
105
Roman writers produced their greatest works in what era
Golden Age of Latin Language
106
Wrote *On the Commonwealth*
Cicero
107
Wrote *Virgil*
Aeneid (greatest author during golden age of latin language)
108
Wrote Odes
Horace
109
Wrote *Metamorphoses*
Ovid
110
wrote *Parallel Lives*
Plutarch
111
all laws derives from a central source
single sovereignty
112
common human nature
Universality
113
laws should fit a larger number of cases
Equity
114
greatest author during golden age of latin language
Aeneid
