ch 11-- the dark ages; pt2 Flashcards
first major empire in Europe after the Roman Empire
Franks
first great Frankish ruler
Used Christianity as a political tool to unite the Franks
Clovis
the family of kings that ruled the early Frankish Empire and came after clovis
Merovingians
most famous Mayor of the Palace
Charles Martel
battle charles fought in (he defeated the moors)
battle of tours
Pepin the short became ___ of the palace in 441
mayor
son of charles martel
Pepin the short
what did Pepin the short start upon his coronation
carolingian line of kings
second carolingian king; french for “charles the great”
Charlemagne
A section of Italy given to the pope by Pepin; made an official alliance between frankish rulers and the papacy
Papal States
charlemagne’s accomplishment/what was great about his empire?
the empire was the largest in europe since the romans
What was charlemagne crowned on Christmas Day by Pope Leo III
Emperor of the New Roman Empire
who inherited louis the pious’s empire
his 3 sons
3rd Carolingian ruler
Louis the Pious
divided the Frankish Empire into 3 sections for Louis’ sons
Treaty of Verdun
called “The Scourge of Europe”
Magyars
North African Muslims
Moors
German barbarians of Scandinavia
Vikings
most important settlement of the vikings
Normandy
line of kings started by pepin
carolingian line of kings
pepins son
charlemagne/charles the great
date of battle of tours/ moors were defeated; who fought in it?
732; Charles Martel
2 nations from treaty of verdun
france and germany
small kingdoms that the frankish empire divided into
duchies
ruled the duchies
dukes
first king of the saxon line; chosen by the dukes to be king of germany
Henry the Fowler
Son of Henry the Fowler
Otto the Great
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Otto the Great
Final defeat of the Magyars
Otto the Great
German monarchy reached the peak of its power
Henry IV
nobles who chose the king
Electors
first king of the Hohenstaufen line; “red beard”
Frederick Barbarossa I
what name did barbarossa adopt
“Holy Roman Empire”
ridiculed the holy roman empire as “neither holy nor roman nor an empire”
Voltaire
Barbarossa’s grandson
Frederick II
did the work for the king
mayor of the palace
in the salian line of kings
henry IV
decreed that popes could only be chosen by cardinals
Nicholas II
TOOK OFFICE AS GREGORY VII; a monk who served as adviser to the popes
Hildebrand
the power of laymen (emperors and kings) to choose bishops and other church officials
Lay Investiture
castle in northern italy where the pope was staying when Henry sought forgiveness
Canossa
took the papacy to the zenith of its power and influence
Innocent III
sanctioned the doctrine of transubstantiation;
who did this?
Fourth lateran council; Innocent III
a special court that inquired about and judged matters of heresy
Holy office of the inquisition
what did innocent III institute
Holy office of the Inquisition
(a special court that inquired about and judged matters of heresy)
levied 50% taxes on the French clergy’s annual income
Phillip the Fair
threatened to excommunicate anyone who tried to exact taxes and any clergyman who paid them without papal approval
Boniface VIII
official decree by the pope (ISSUED BY BONIFACE VIII)
Bull
the moving of the papal court from rome to france
Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
divide between the popes and the cardinals
Great Schism
