history ch 4 Flashcards
3 river valleys in Asia were home to what 3 Asian Cultures
Mesopotamia, India, China
Largest continent in both land (33%) and people (66%)
Asia
highest point on land
Mt. Everest
lowest point on land (also saltiest)
Dead Sea
Why is India classified as a subcontinent
its size and separation from the rest of Asia
mountain range that separates India from Asia
Himalayas
earliest known people in Asia (who were in the Indus RIver Valley around 2000 B.C)
Dravidians
modern day Iranians
Aryans
conquered the Dravidians around 1500
Aryans
Most popular religion of India
Hinduism
The god of hinduism; “the one universal soul of all living things”
Brahma
What is the purpose of hinduism
Becoming one with the spirit of Brahma
process of “rebirth” where a person’s karma (actions in life) evolves the soul toward spiritual perfection
Reincarnation
What does hinduism say affects what you reincarnate as
Karma
The caste a person is born in must always stay the same. List the classes.
Brahmans: Hindu Priests
Princes and Warriors
Landowners and Merchants
Farmers, laborers, and servants
“untouchable”; someone who has broken the rule of his caste
outcaste
Native Indian family (Mauryas) that controlled India from 321 B.C. to 184 B.C.
Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire’s greatest leader
Asoka
Religion founded by a nobleman named Siddharta Gautama (A.K.A. Buddha)
Buddhism
who founded Buddhism; what did he call himself
Siddharta Gautama; buddha
the separation from the world/state of nothingness
Nirvana
Purpose of buddhism
Attempts to reach nirvana through reincarnation
Ruled India from A.D. 320 to 535
Gupta Empire
India’s “Golden Age”
Gupta Empire
Babar (Mogul ruler from Afghanistan) who invaded and conquered India in 1556
Mogul Empire
Mogul ruler from Afghanistan
Babar
Most muslims lived on the ____ and _____ borders
East and West
Western section of Mogul Empire
Pakistan
Eastern section of Mogul Empire
Bangladesh
Contributions of Mogul Empire
Developments in mathematics
Damascene Steel
Highest quality steel in the world
Damascene Steel
2 main rivers of China
Huang He and Yangtze
The world’s oldest living civilization
China
China’s first civilization by the Huang He River
Huang He Civilization
Called Chung-kuo meaning “Middle Country
Huang He Civilization
Cast bronze and horse drawn chariots
Shang Dynasty
Harvested silk
Shang Dynasty
created system of writing
Shang Dynasty
China’s longest ruling dynasty
Chou Dynasty
Two Philosophies created by chou dynasty
Taoism and Confucianism
first to rule over a united China
Shih Huang Ti
Dynasty that Great Wall of China was built in
Ch’in
Ruled at the Height of Ancient China’s power
Han Dynasty
The Great Silk Road (connected the greatest empire in europe and the greatest empire in asia; connected china and rome)
Han Dynasty
conquered China in the 1200s
Genghis Khan (need to know the empire was mongol)
Dynasty that Descendants of Khan established
Yuan Dynasty
Largest continental empire
Mongols
traveled throughout far east during Kublai Khan’s empire
Marco Polo
Located in North Pacific Oceans
Japan
4 main islands of Japan
Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku
Japanese word meaning “source of the sun”
Nippon
Word that japan comes from
Cipango
original inhabitants of the islands; Korean and Chinese people settled it later
Ainu
oldest surviving religion (very common to buddhism)
Shinto
Families that ruled small states in Japan
Clan
Formed the first empire in Japan
Yamato Clan
founder of Japanese civilization
Prince Shotoku
established a constitution for japan
Prince Shotoku
“The Great Reform” period
Taika
formed central government
Taika
Emperor of the Shoguns
Mikado
When did the Mikado lose his ruling power?
The Middle Ages
began to control japanese society
Shoguns(feudal lords)
would use daimios (local landlords) and samurai (warriors or knights)
shoguns
