ch 7--greece Flashcards
forms Northern border of Greece
Balkan Mountain
Ancient Greece is located on what peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
Seas on the East
Aegean and Black Sea
sea in the west
Iomian(?)
first important postdiluvian civilization; lived on the island of Crete
Minoams
lived on Mycenae on the mainland
Mycenaeans
Conquered Mycenaeans during the 1400s-800s B.C
Dorians
Greeks of classical times
Hellens
famous war fought between the cities of Mycenae and Troy
Trojan War
Blind poet of greece
Homer
basis for ancient Greek religion
Iliad and Odyssey
what did Iliad and Odyssey create
the ideas of heroes and gods
where did most gods live
Mt Olympus
king of the human gods
zeus
powerful humans who were given special; abilities by the god’s
heroes
Two heroes
Odysseus and Achilles!!
parts of a polis
Gymnasium
Agora
Amphitheatre
Acropolis
physical training and games of skill
Gymnasium
marketplace
Agora
outdoor theatre
Amphitheatre
hilltop fortress
Acropolis
people who did not speak Greek
Barbarians
first recorded Olympic Games
776 B.C.
time period between the Olympic Games
Olympiad
Greeks vs. Persians
Greco-Persian War
conquered by Cyrus the Great (of Persia) in 546 B.C
Ioania
rebelled against Darius I in 499 B.C.(during greco-persian war); who won?
Ioania; Darius I won
invaded Greece in the battle of Marathon but was defeated by Athens
Persia
what was battle of marathon; who won
Persia invaded Greece/ Greece vs. Persia; Greece (Athens) won
invaded Greece in 480 B.C. to avenge his father
Xerxes I (Ahasuerus)
Xerxes army was blocked at this battle for 3 days by 300 spartans. Who led the 300 spartans?
Battle of Thermopylae; Leonidas
What was Battle of Salamis; who won
Persians burned the city of Athens
Persians Chased Athenians to Salamis; Persian fleet was destroyed (first major naval battle in history)
Athens won
burned the city of Athens
Persians
Where did the Persians chase the Athenians to?
Salamis
What was destroyed in the Battle of Salamis?
Persian fleet
first major naval battle in history
Battle of Salamis
final defeat of Persia
Battle of Plataea
rule by one; advised by the Council of the Elders and the Assembly
Monarchy
rule by the “best”; the king’s powers decreased and the rich took political power
Aristocracy
rule by the few rich; business and trade grew, so rich businessmen took political power
Oligarchy
power is seized by one (bad) man
Tyranny
rule by the people; people rebelled and took political powers themselves
Democracy
What was sparta for most of their history (government)
oligarchy
Spartan Social Classes; describe each
Ruling Class: government leaders and soldiers
Middle Class: Merchants and businessmen
Helots: slaves and lower class
What was spartan culture centered around
warfare
trained to fight in Sparta’s many wars
The Upper Class
Sparta’s chief accomplishment; “alliance” with the other Greek cities in which they were the dominant city
Peloponnesian League
who won what battles in the greco-persian war
Ionian Rev: Persia
Persia won (under cyrus the great)
Marathon: Athens
Greece won
Thermop: Persia
Greece won
Salamis: Athens
Greece won
Plaea: Athens
Greece won
Led 300 spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae
Leonidas
first major naval battle in history
Battle of Salamis
Athens started off with a _______ until the people demanded a ______ (politics)
monarchy and democracy
Created first democratic laws for Athens/created harsh laws to establish democracy
Draco (620 B.C)
repealed many of Draco’s laws and created reform
Solon (594 B.C)
first tyrant of athens
Peisistratus
“champion of the common people” emerged as tyrant in 508 B.C.; SET UP OSTRACISM
Cleisthenes
brought true democracy to Athens
Pericles (461–429 B.C)
citizens elect a few men who represent them in government
Representative Democracy
people make decisions (who practiced this?)
Direct Democracy (Athens)
brought Athens into The Golden Age of Greece; great speaker
Pericles
An organization led by Athens; created to prevent future attacks by Persia
Delian League
How many total cities were members of the Delian League
250
Fought in peloponnesian war
SPARTA (Peloponnesian League) vs. ATHENS (Delian League)
Advantages of Sparta and Athens
Sparta: strength in numbers and combat
Athens: larger navy; more money
broke out in Athens killing many, including their leader Pericles
plague
Who won Peloponnesian war. How?
Sparta; Athens surrendered (Peloponnesian league won)
Considered themselves Greek, but the Greeks did not
Kingdom of Macedonia
Became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C; decided he would conquer all of Greece
Phillip II
What did Phillip II have? What was he regardless of this?
Speech impairment; gave himself speech therapy and became an amazing speaker
famous Athenian orator who tried to garner support for defense against Macedonia
Demosthenes
League Phillip II formed in efforts to conquer Persia
Hellenic League
Ended Phillip II plans (how did he die)
He was Assasinated
Next ruler after Phillip II (came to power at age 20)
Alexander the Great
Private tutor of Alexander the Great who taught him to spread Hellenic culture
Aristotle
When did Alexander cross the Hellespont and invade Persia. When did he finish conquering Persia?
334 B.C !he crossed the Hellespont!
331 BC he conquered Persia
It took him 3 years
What did Alexander conquer
Egypt and parts of Asia
What ended Alexanders conquest?
His army refused to fight when they invaded India in 327 B.C
How and when did Alexander the Great die
he died on their journey home in Babylon in 323 B.C while his army was drinking either from a fever or Poisoning
Alexanders most lasting contributions
spread of Greek culture and language
How many cities were named Alexandria in Alexanders honor? Most famous?
16; most famous was Alexandria, Egypt
divided his empire after the Battle of Ipsus
Alexander the Great’s four strongest generals
Three resulting Dynasties of Battle of Ipsus division
Ptolemies: Egypt
Seleucids: Middle East
Antigonids: Macedonia and Greece
Battle to decide who the kingdoms of Alexander would be divided to
Battle of Ipsus
Greek word meaning “city state”
Polis
