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metformin Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary use of metformin?

A

The primary use of metformin is to treat type 2 diabetes.

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2
Q

True or False: Metformin is an insulin secretagogue.

A

False.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Metformin primarily works by decreasing ________ production in the liver.

A

glucose

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4
Q

What class of medication does metformin belong to?

A

Biguanides.

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5
Q

Which organ is primarily affected by metformin?

A

The liver.

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6
Q

What is a common side effect of metformin?

A

Gastrointestinal upset.

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7
Q

True or False: Metformin can cause weight gain.

A

False.

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

A

It decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity.

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9
Q

In which condition is metformin contraindicated?

A

Severe renal impairment.

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10
Q

What is the potential risk associated with metformin use in patients with renal impairment?

A

Lactic acidosis.

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11
Q

Multiple choice: What is the common initial dose of metformin for adults?

A

500 mg.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Metformin is often prescribed in combination with ________ for better glycemic control.

A

other antidiabetic medications

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13
Q

What is the maximum daily dose of metformin typically recommended?

A

2000 to 2500 mg.

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14
Q

True or False: Metformin can be used for weight loss in non-diabetic patients.

A

True.

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15
Q

What is the brand name of a commonly prescribed metformin formulation?

A

Glucophage.

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16
Q

True or False: Metformin should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.

A

True.

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17
Q

What effect does metformin have on the intestinal absorption of glucose?

A

It decreases the intestinal absorption of glucose.

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18
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of metformin?

A

Increased insulin secretion.

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19
Q

What lab test is important to monitor in patients taking metformin?

A

Renal function (e.g., serum creatinine).

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Metformin is associated with a reduced risk of ________ in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A

cardiovascular disease

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21
Q

What is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes according to most guidelines?

A

Metformin.

22
Q

True or False: Metformin can be used in patients with type 1 diabetes.

23
Q

What is a common long-term effect of metformin therapy?

A

Improved glycemic control.

24
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for metformin?

A

Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis.

25
What dietary recommendation is often made for patients taking metformin?
Maintain a balanced diet and monitor carbohydrate intake.
26
Fill in the blank: Metformin is primarily excreted by the ________.
kidneys
27
What is the classification of metformin?
Metformin is classified as a biguanide.
28
What is the typical starting dosage of metformin for adults?
The typical starting dosage is 500 mg taken twice daily.
29
True or False: Metformin primarily increases insulin secretion.
False. Metformin primarily decreases hepatic glucose production.
30
What are the primary indications for prescribing metformin?
Metformin is primarily indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
31
Fill in the blank: One common adverse effect of metformin is __________.
gastrointestinal upset.
32
What is the maximum recommended daily dosage of metformin for adults?
The maximum recommended daily dosage is 2000 to 2500 mg depending on the formulation.
33
True or False: Metformin can be used in patients with type 1 diabetes.
False. Metformin is not indicated for type 1 diabetes.
34
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
The primary mechanism of action is to decrease hepatic glucose production and improve insulin sensitivity.
35
List one interaction that can occur with metformin.
Metformin can interact with iodinated contrast media, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis.
36
What is a serious adverse effect associated with metformin?
Lactic acidosis is a serious adverse effect associated with metformin.
37
Fill in the blank: Metformin should be used with caution in patients with __________ impairment.
renal.
38
What is the role of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Metformin is used to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles in women with PCOS.
39
True or False: Metformin is effective for weight loss in all patients.
False. Metformin may aid weight loss in some patients but is not effective for everyone.
40
What is the mechanism by which metformin lowers blood glucose levels?
Metformin lowers blood glucose levels primarily by reducing hepatic glucose production and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake.
41
How should metformin be taken to minimize gastrointestinal side effects?
Metformin should be taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
42
What is the role of metformin in the context of cardiovascular health?
Metformin has been shown to have cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.
43
Fill in the blank: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with a history of __________.
lactic acidosis.
44
What type of monitoring is recommended for patients on metformin?
Regular monitoring of kidney function and blood glucose levels is recommended.
45
True or False: Metformin can be safely used during pregnancy.
True, metformin may be used during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes.
46
What should be monitored when a patient is taking metformin?
Patients should be monitored for signs of lactic acidosis and renal function.
47
What dietary consideration should be taken into account while on metformin?
Patients should maintain a balanced diet to help manage blood glucose levels.
48
What is the primary benefit of metformin over other antidiabetic medications?
The primary benefit of metformin is its low risk of causing hypoglycemia.
49
Fill in the blank: Metformin is often used in combination with __________ to achieve better glycemic control.
other antidiabetic agents.
50
What is the potential effect of metformin on lipid levels?
Metformin may help to lower triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels.
51
True or False: Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
True. Metformin is considered the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.

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