Lesson 9 (Part 3) Flashcards
What is the visceral layer against?
The organ
What is the parietal layer against?
The cavity
What is within the pericardial cavity?
The mediastinal cavity
Where is the mediastinum found?
In the middle of the thorax between the 2 pleural cavities
How is the mediastinum divided? (2)
- Superior mediastinum
2. Inferior mediastinum
How is the inferior mediastinum divided? (3)
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior
Where does the division of the superior/inferior mediastinum happen?
At the sternal angle
- T4
What is located in the superior mediastinum? (6)
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Thymus
- Nerves and nervous plexuses
- SVC, brachiocephalic veins
- Aortic arch, CCA, left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries
What is located in the middle mediastinum? (4)
- Heart and pericardium
- Ascending aorta
- Pulmonary trunk
- SVC
What is located in the anterior mediastinum? (2)
- Thymus remnants
2. Lymph nodes
What is located in the posterior mediastinum? (3)
- Esophagus
- Thoracic aorta and its branches
- Nerve plexus from the sympathetic nervous system
What is located in front of the heart? (2)
- The anterior inferior mediastinum
2. Thymus
What is located behind the heart? (3)
- Posterior inferior mediastinum
- Aorta
- Esophagus
Why cant you see the trachea in the posterior mediastinum?
Because it has already bifurcated
Pleural cavities
Narrow gap between visceral and parietal pleura
Parietal pleura
A serous membrane lining the chest cavity
Visceral pleura
A serous membrane covering the lung surface
What accumulates between the parietal and the visceral pleura?
Serous fluid
Where does bifurcation of the trachea occur?
Carina
- T5
Why is there 2 lobes of the lung on the left and 3 lobes of the lung on the right?
Because the heart is situated more on the left so there is less room to have 3 lobes on the left compared to the right
Cardiac notch
Impression of the heart on the lungs
Where is the lung hilum compared to the aorta?
Anterior to it
Where is the bronchus compared to the pulmonary arteries?
Posterior to it
Where is the pulmonary arteries compared to the pulmonary veins?
Superior to it
Where is the aorta compared to the lung hilum?
Posterior to it
Where is the IVC/SVC compared to the lung hilum?
Anterior to it
What is the heart?
A pump that circulates the blood between the lungs and the body cells
What does blood deliver to the heart?
Delivers oxygen from lungs that will eventually go to the body cells
What does blood take away from the heart?
Takes away CO2 to deliver to the lungs to be exhaled
What is the cardiopulmonary flow path? (16)
- Lt Ventricle
- Aortic valve
- semilunar - Aorta
- Body cells
- IVC/SVC
- Rt Atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Rt Ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Main Pulmonary Trunk
- Pulmonary arteries
- 2 of them - Lungs
- Pulmonary veins
- 4 of them - Lt Atrium
- Mitral valve
- bicuspid valve - Lt Ventricle
How many pulmonary arteries are there?
2
- 1 on each side
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
- 2 on each side
