Lesson 9 (Part 3)

Question 1

What is the visceral layer against?

Answer 1

The organ

Question 2

What is the parietal layer against?

Answer 2

The cavity

Question 3

What is within the pericardial cavity?

Answer 3

The mediastinal cavity

Question 4

Where is the mediastinum found?

Answer 4

In the middle of the thorax between the 2 pleural cavities

Question 5

How is the mediastinum divided? (2)

Answer 5

1. Superior mediastinum

2. Inferior mediastinum

Question 6

How is the inferior mediastinum divided? (3)

Answer 6

1. Anterior
2. Middle
3. Posterior

Question 7

Where does the division of the superior/inferior mediastinum happen?

Answer 7

At the sternal angle

- T4

Question 8

What is located in the superior mediastinum? (6)

Answer 8

1. Trachea
2. Esophagus
3. Thymus
4. Nerves and nervous plexuses
5. SVC, brachiocephalic veins
6. Aortic arch, CCA, left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries

Question 9

What is located in the middle mediastinum? (4)

Answer 9

1. Heart and pericardium
2. Ascending aorta
3. Pulmonary trunk
4. SVC

Question 10

What is located in the anterior mediastinum? (2)

Answer 10

1. Thymus remnants

2. Lymph nodes

Question 11

What is located in the posterior mediastinum? (3)

Answer 11

1. Esophagus
2. Thoracic aorta and its branches
3. Nerve plexus from the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

What is located in front of the heart? (2)

Answer 12

1. The anterior inferior mediastinum

2. Thymus

Question 13

What is located behind the heart? (3)

Answer 13

1. Posterior inferior mediastinum
2. Aorta
3. Esophagus

Question 14

Why cant you see the trachea in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 14

Because it has already bifurcated

Question 15

Pleural cavities

Answer 15

Narrow gap between visceral and parietal pleura

Question 16

Parietal pleura

Answer 16

A serous membrane lining the chest cavity

Question 17

Visceral pleura

Answer 17

A serous membrane covering the lung surface

Question 18

What accumulates between the parietal and the visceral pleura?

Answer 18

Serous fluid

Question 19

Where does bifurcation of the trachea occur?

Answer 19

Carina

- T5

Question 20

Why is there 2 lobes of the lung on the left and 3 lobes of the lung on the right?

Answer 20

Because the heart is situated more on the left so there is less room to have 3 lobes on the left compared to the right

Question 21

Cardiac notch

Answer 21

Impression of the heart on the lungs

Question 22

Where is the lung hilum compared to the aorta?

Answer 22

Anterior to it

Question 23

Where is the bronchus compared to the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 23

Posterior to it

Question 24

Where is the pulmonary arteries compared to the pulmonary veins?

Answer 24

Superior to it

Question 25

Where is the aorta compared to the lung hilum?

Answer 25

Posterior to it

Question 26

Where is the IVC/SVC compared to the lung hilum?

Answer 26

Anterior to it

Question 27

What is the heart?

Answer 27

A pump that circulates the blood between the lungs and the body cells

Question 28

What does blood deliver to the heart?

Answer 28

Delivers oxygen from lungs that will eventually go to the body cells

Question 29

What does blood take away from the heart?

Answer 29

Takes away CO2 to deliver to the lungs to be exhaled

Question 30

What is the cardiopulmonary flow path? (16)

Answer 30

1. Lt Ventricle
2. Aortic valve
   - semilunar
3. Aorta
4. Body cells
5. IVC/SVC
6. Rt Atrium
7. Tricuspid valve
8. Rt Ventricle
9. Pulmonary Valve
10. Main Pulmonary Trunk
11. Pulmonary arteries
    - 2 of them
12. Lungs
13. Pulmonary veins
    - 4 of them
14. Lt Atrium
15. Mitral valve
    - bicuspid valve
16. Lt Ventricle

Question 31

How many pulmonary arteries are there?

Answer 31

2

- 1 on each side

Question 32

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 32

4

- 2 on each side