Lesson 8 (Part 4)

Question 1

What are the 4 main posterior neck muscles?

Answer 1

1. Trapezius
2. Semispinalis capitus
3. Splenius capitus
4. Splenius cervicis

Question 2

What do the posterior muscles do? (2)

Answer 2

1. Rotate the neck

2. Extend/flex the neck

Question 3

What is the most superficial posterior neck muscle?

Answer 3

Trapezius muscles

Question 4

Where does the trapezius muscle extend from?

Answer 4

The occipital bone to the lower T-spine and laterally to the scapular spine

Question 5

What does the trapezius muscle move?

Answer 5

The scapula

Question 6

What does the trapezius muscle do?

Answer 6

It support the arm

Question 7

What shape is the trapezius muscle?

Answer 7

Diamond like

Question 8

What does the trapezius muscle cover? (2)

Answer 8

1. The most superficial part of the neck

2. The superior portion of the scapula

Question 9

Which posterior neck muscle is the deepest?

Answer 9

Semispinalis capitis

Question 10

What are the 2 posterior neck muscles in the middle?

Answer 10

1. Splenius capitis

2. Splenius cervicis

Question 11

What does the vasculature of the neck include? (2)

Answer 11

1. Bilateral common carotid arteries

2. Bilateral internal jugular veins

Question 12

Where does the bilateral common carotid arteries arise from? (2)

Answer 12

1. Right brachiocephalic artery

2. Left aortic arch

Question 13

What does the bilateral common carotid arteries supply? (3)

Answer 13

1. Brain
2. Face
3. Scalp

Question 14

What does the bilateral internal jugular vein drain into?

Answer 14

The right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 15

Where is the common carotid arteries located? (3)

Answer 15

1. Lateral to the thyroid gland
2. Medial to the internal jugular vein
3. Posterior to the strap muscles

Question 16

Where is the internal jugular veins located? (3)

Answer 16

1. Lateral to the common carotid arteries
2. Medial to the SCM
3. Posterior to the strap muscle

Question 17

What are the most commonly imaged lymph nodes?

Answer 17

The internal jugular lymph nodes

- deep vein

Question 18

Where do the internal jugular lymph nodes follow?

Answer 18

The SCM, lateral to the internal jugular vein

Question 19

What type of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 19

Exocrine glands

- secrete through a duct

Question 20

What do salivary glands secrete?

Answer 20

Saliva

Question 21

What does saliva help with?

Answer 21

The break down of food

- helps break down insulin

Question 22

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

Answer 22

1. Parotid
2. Submandibular
3. Sublingual

Question 23

What 2 paired salivary glands are seen easily sonographically?

Answer 23

1. Parotid

2. Submandibular

Question 24

Why are sublingual salivary glands not normally seen on an ultrasound?

Answer 24

Due to its position

Question 25

What type of joint is a condyle?

Answer 25

Hinge joint

Question 26

What is the anterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible?

Answer 26

The coronoid process

Question 27

Alveolar

Answer 27

Grooves between the teeth where they are held

Question 28

Where do you find salivary glands in the mandible? (3)

Answer 28

1. Ramus
2. Body condyle
3. Coronoid process

Question 29

Where does the parotid gland lay? (2)

Answer 29

1. Anteriorly to the mastoid process

2. Lateral to the internal carotid artery

Question 30

What does the parotid gland wrap around?

Answer 30

The posterior/lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus

Question 31

Where is the submandibular gland located?

Answer 31

On either side of the midline inferior to the mandibular body

Question 32

Where is the hyoid bone compared to the submandibular gland?

Answer 32

Inferior/medial

Question 33

Where is the sublingual gland located? (2)

Answer 33

1. Under the tongue

2. Medial to the mandibular body

Question 34

When is the sublingual gland visible on an ultrasound?

Answer 34

When it is enlarged

- otherwise not visible