Lesson 7 (Part 1) Flashcards
What are the 2 most effective ways to visualize the brain?
- MRI
- CT
- the skull makes using U/S not a good choice
What kind of brain can you see using an ultrasound? Why?
- A fetal brain
- Thinner bone structure
- visualized through inclosed fontanels
What can the circle of Willis be assessed on?
Transcranial Doppler
- TCD
Fontanelles
Soft spots
What fontanelle is the biggest?
The frontal
How many layers are there in the scalp?
5
What is the acronym for the layers of the scalp?
SCALP
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
- Skin
- Connective tissue
- Aponeurosis
- Loose areolar tissue
- Periosteum
What is the connective tissue layer made up of? (2)
- Subcutaneous fat
2. Fibrous tissue
What does the connective tissue layer hold? (2)
- Nerves
2. Vessels
What is the aponeuosis layer made up of?
Dense fibrous tissue
What is the loose areolar layer made up of?
Contains collagen
- allows upper layers to move around
What is the hardest layer of the scalp?
The periosteum
What are the 2 layers that make up dura matter?
- Endosteal layer
2. Meningeal layer
What is only pierced through the dura mater? (3)
- Cranial nerves
- Carotid
- Vertebral vessels
What are the 3 types of meninges?
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Delicate middle layer where the vessels flow through
What do the arachnoid villi protrude?
Into the dural venous sinuses
- CSF reabsorption
Pia mater
Innermost thin vascular layer continuous with contours of the brain
What is between the endodsteal and periosteum layer?
Bone
What is the brains way of bringing blood back to the heart?
Venous sinuses
What is pia mater continuous with? (2)
- Gyrus
- mountains - Sulcus
- valleys
Flax cerebri
Is part of the dura mater that comes down and splits the brain into 2 different hemispheres
- but not all the way
How many cranial bones are there?
8
What are the 6 types of cranial bones? (8 in total)
- Frontal
- Parietal
- 2 - Temporal
- 2 - Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
What are the main parts of the brain? (7)
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Spinal cord
Gyrus
Outpouching part of brain tissue
- mountains
Sulcus
Portion that is recessed in
- valley
Central sulcus
Large coronal sulus dividing frontal and parietal lobes
Precentral gyrus
Front part from the central sulcus
Postcentral gyrus
Back part from the central sulcus
Sylvian fissure
Fissure on the lateral aspect dividing temporal lobe below from the frontal and parietal lobes above
Where does the sylvian fissure end?
In the insula
How many sylvian fissures are there?
2
What does the sphenoid look like?
A bat
