final lecture notes Flashcards
projection fibers
link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord
association fibers
interconnected areas within one hemisphere
commissural fibers
interconnect and permit communication between the 2 hemispheres
fornix
tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus
- below corpus callosum
septum pellucidum
opean area between corpus callosum and fornix
ventricles of the brain
lateral ventricles
interventicular foramen
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle
lateral ventricle
ventricles of the cerebrum where csf is made by ependymal cells in choroid plexus
3rd ventricle
ventricle of diencephalon
cerebral aqueduct
narrow canal located in the midbrain that serves as a passageway for CSF to flow between the third and fourth ventricles
parts of the cerebellum (6)
vermis
anterior lobe
primary fissure
posterior lobe
folia
arbor vitae
cranial nerves 1-4
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
cranial nerves 5-8
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
cranial nerves 9-12
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
nasolacrimal duct
drains tears into nasal cavity
lacrimal gland
produces tears
lacrimal sac
drains tears into the nasolacrimal duct
bulbar conjunctiva
membrane that covers the anterior surface of the sclera
retina
contains photoreceptors
iris
controls size of pupil
- colored part of the eye
cornea
most anterior part of eyeball
pupil
changes shape to focus light on retina
muscles of the eye
superior rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior obique
superior oblique
nerves of the eye (do the orders of them in a exam)
LR6 - lateral rectus abducens
SO4: superior oblique trochlear
Rest all 3: oculomotor
layers of the eye
fibrous (outermost)
vascular
inner
lateral structures of eye (3)
lacrimal gland ducts
lacrimal gland
bulba fissure/conjunctiva
medial structures of the eye (5)
lacrimal punctum
superior lacrimal canaliculus
inferior lacrimal canaliculus
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
structures of the external ear
auricle
external acoustic meatus
elastic cartilages
anatomy of middle ear
auditory ossicles (bones)
oval window
tympanic cavity
tympanic membrane
3 bones of the middle ear
malleus
incus
stapes
muscles of the middle ear
tensor tympani
stapedius
2 openings in the middle ear
oval and round window
what eye muscle do you use to look down ?
inferior rectus
what eye muscle allows you to look down and to the side ?
superior oblique
what eye muscle moves the eye outward
lateral rectus
what papillae have taste buds
vallate
fungiform
foliate
what papillae has NO taste buds and manipulates food on tongue surface
filiform papillae
what type of glands occur in olfactory epithelium
bowman glands that secrete mucus
what cranial nerves relay sensory info from the tongue
facial and glossopharyngeal
visual acuity
sharpness of vision
20/20 vision
emmetropia
myopia
eye focuses image in FRONT of the retina
- aka nearsightedness (can clearly see close objects)
hyperopia
eye focused image BEHIND the retina
- aka farsightedness (can only see distant objects clearly)
astigmatism
reduction in sharpness of vision due to irregularly shaped cornea or lens
blind spot
area of retina with no photoreceptors
accommodation
eye lens change shape to focus light on retina
presbyopia
type of farsightedness where lens gradually loses elasticity as we age
for distant vision, what happens to the lens and ciliary muscle
lens flattens
ciliary muscle
for close vision what happens to the lens and ciliary muscle
lens is rounded
ciliary muscle contracts
convergence
eyes rotate medically to focus on near objects
saccades
jumping eye motions that occur when a person is reading or looking out a moving car
What’s in the fibrous layer of the eye
Cornea and sclera
What’s in the vascular layer of the eye
Iris, ciliary body and choroid
