final lecture notes

Question 1

projection fibers

Answer 1

link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord

Question 2

association fibers

Answer 2

interconnected areas within one hemisphere

Question 3

commissural fibers

Answer 3

interconnect and permit communication between the 2 hemispheres

Question 4

fornix

Answer 4

tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus
- below corpus callosum

Question 5

septum pellucidum

Answer 5

opean area between corpus callosum and fornix

Question 6

ventricles of the brain

Answer 6

lateral ventricles
interventicular foramen
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle

Question 7

lateral ventricle

Answer 7

ventricles of the cerebrum where csf is made by ependymal cells in choroid plexus

Question 8

3rd ventricle

Answer 8

ventricle of diencephalon

Question 9

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 9

narrow canal located in the midbrain that serves as a passageway for CSF to flow between the third and fourth ventricles

Question 10

parts of the cerebellum (6)

Answer 10

vermis
anterior lobe
primary fissure
posterior lobe
folia
arbor vitae

Question 11

cranial nerves 1-4

Answer 11

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear

Question 12

cranial nerves 5-8

Answer 12

trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

Question 13

cranial nerves 9-12

Answer 13

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

Question 14

nasolacrimal duct

Answer 14

drains tears into nasal cavity

Question 15

lacrimal gland

Answer 15

produces tears

Question 16

lacrimal sac

Answer 16

drains tears into the nasolacrimal duct

Question 17

bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 17

membrane that covers the anterior surface of the sclera

Question 18

retina

Answer 18

contains photoreceptors

Question 19

iris

Answer 19

controls size of pupil
- colored part of the eye

Question 20

cornea

Answer 20

most anterior part of eyeball

Question 21

pupil

Answer 21

changes shape to focus light on retina

Question 22

muscles of the eye

Answer 22

superior rectus
lateral rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior obique
superior oblique

Question 23

nerves of the eye (do the orders of them in a exam)

Answer 23

LR6 - lateral rectus abducens
SO4: superior oblique trochlear
Rest all 3: oculomotor

Question 24

layers of the eye

Answer 24

fibrous (outermost)
vascular
inner

Question 25

lateral structures of eye (3)

Answer 25

lacrimal gland ducts lacrimal gland bulba fissure/conjunctiva

Question 26

medial structures of the eye (5)

Answer 26

lacrimal punctum superior lacrimal canaliculus inferior lacrimal canaliculus lacrimal sac nasolacrimal duct

Question 27

structures of the external ear

Answer 27

auricle external acoustic meatus elastic cartilages

Question 28

anatomy of middle ear

Answer 28

auditory ossicles (bones) oval window tympanic cavity tympanic membrane

Question 29

3 bones of the middle ear

Answer 29

malleus incus stapes

Question 30

muscles of the middle ear

Answer 30

tensor tympani stapedius

Question 31

2 openings in the middle ear

Answer 31

oval and round window

Question 32

what eye muscle do you use to look down ?

Answer 32

inferior rectus

Question 33

what eye muscle allows you to look down and to the side ?

Answer 33

superior oblique

Question 34

what eye muscle moves the eye outward

Answer 34

lateral rectus

Question 35

what papillae have taste buds

Answer 35

vallate fungiform foliate

Question 36

what papillae has NO taste buds and manipulates food on tongue surface

Answer 36

filiform papillae

Question 37

what type of glands occur in olfactory epithelium

Answer 37

bowman glands that secrete mucus

Question 38

what cranial nerves relay sensory info from the tongue

Answer 38

facial and glossopharyngeal

Question 39

visual acuity

Answer 39

sharpness of vision

Question 40

20/20 vision

Answer 40

emmetropia

Question 41

myopia

Answer 41

eye focuses image in FRONT of the retina - aka nearsightedness (can clearly see close objects)

Question 42

hyperopia

Answer 42

eye focused image BEHIND the retina - aka farsightedness (can only see distant objects clearly)

Question 43

astigmatism

Answer 43

reduction in sharpness of vision due to irregularly shaped cornea or lens

Question 44

blind spot

Answer 44

area of retina with no photoreceptors

Question 45

accommodation

Answer 45

eye lens change shape to focus light on retina

Question 46

presbyopia

Answer 46

type of farsightedness where lens gradually loses elasticity as we age

Question 47

for distant vision, what happens to the lens and ciliary muscle

Answer 47

lens flattens ciliary muscle

Question 48

for close vision what happens to the lens and ciliary muscle

Answer 48

lens is rounded ciliary muscle contracts

Question 49

convergence

Answer 49

eyes rotate medically to focus on near objects

Question 50

saccades

Answer 50

jumping eye motions that occur when a person is reading or looking out a moving car

Question 51

What’s in the fibrous layer of the eye

Answer 51

Cornea and sclera

Question 52

What’s in the vascular layer of the eye

Answer 52

Iris, ciliary body and choroid