10.8 - 10.10

Question 1

factors of muscle performance

Answer 1

force and endurance

Question 2

types of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 2

fast, slow, and intermediate

Question 2

force

Answer 2

the maximum amount of tension produced by a particular muscle

Question 2

endurance

Answer 2

the amount of time an activity can be sustained

Question 2

fast fibers

Answer 2

• majority of skeletal muscle fibers
  – contract quickly, produce strong contractions but fatigue quickly

Question 3

white muscles

Answer 3

muscles dominated by fast fibers

Question 4

slow fibers

Answer 4

slower to contract, small diameter, less force but more endurance
- contains myoglobin: red pigment that binds oxygen

Question 5

red muscles

Answer 5

muscles dominated by slow fibers

Question 6

intermediate fibers

Answer 6

mid sized, slower to fatigue than fast fibers

Question 7

muscle hypertrophy

Answer 7

muscle growth from heavy training

Question 8

muscle atrophy

Answer 8

reduction of muscle size, tone, and power due to lack of activity

Question 9

changes in muscle tissue as we age

Answer 9

fibers become smaller in diameter
muscles become less elastic

Question 10

fibrosis

Answer 10

increase in fibrous connective tissue

Question 11

muscle fatigue

Answer 11

when muscles can no longer perform at a required level

Question 12

anaerobic endurance

Answer 12

length of time muscle contraction can be supported by stored ATP, CP, and ATP produced by glycolysis

Question 13

aerobic endurance

Answer 13

length of time muscle contraction can be supported by atp produced by mitochondria

Question 14

cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 14

found only in heart

Question 15

cardiac muscle cells

Answer 15

small, branched, striated cells with a single nucleus

Question 16

intercalated discs

Answer 16

specialized connections that join the sarcolemmas of adjacent cardiac muscle cells by gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 17

functional characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 17

automaticity

Question 18

automaticity

Answer 18

able to contract without neural stimulation

Question 19

pacemaker cells

Answer 19

generate the electrical signals that initiate contraction

Question 20

smooth muscle tissue

Answer 20

found around other tissues and internal organs

Question 21

structural characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 21

-long, slender, spindle shaped cells
- no T tubukes, myofibrils or sacromeres (nonstriated muscle)
- thin filaments attached to dense bodies

Question 22

functional characteristics of smooth muscle tissue

Answer 22

excitation
length
control of contractions
smooth muscle tone

Question 23

excitation

Answer 23

contraction coupling

Question 24

plasticity

Answer 24

the ability to function over a wide range of lengths

Question 25

smooth muscle cells are either

Answer 25

multiunit or visceral

Question 26

multiunit smooth muscle cells

Answer 26

innervated in motor units

Question 27

visceral smooth muscle cells

Answer 27

forms sheets or layers in the walls of visceral organs