ch 17.2

Question 1

rhodopsin

Answer 1

the pigment found in the discs membranes of rods

Question 2

photoreception

Answer 2

detection of light

Question 3

bleaching

Answer 3

– after absorbing a photon, retinal and opsin dissociate

Question 4

dark adapted state

Answer 4

visual pigments are fully receptive to stimulation

Question 5

light adapted state

Answer 5

the rate of bleaching and reassembly of visual pigments are balanced

Question 6

retinis pigmentosa

Answer 6

inherited disease characterized by progressive retinal degeneration, which leads to blindness

Question 7

m cells (magnocellular neurons)

Answer 7

ganglion cells that monitor rods

Question 8

p cells (parvocellular neurons)

Answer 8

ganglion cells that monitor cones

Question 9

optic radiation

Answer 9

bundle of projection fibers linking the lateral geniculates with the visual cortex

Question 10

field of vision

Answer 10

the combined overlapping visual images from the left and right eyes

Question 11

depth perception

Answer 11

the brain compares the relative positions of objects between images received from the two eyes

Question 12

external ear anatomy

Answer 12

auricle
tympanic membrane
ceruminous glands

Question 13

auricle

Answer 13

outer fleshy cartilaginous portion of the ear that surrounds the external acoustic meatus

Question 14

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Answer 14

semi-transparent sheet at the end of the auditory canal
- Vibrates and transmits sound to the middle ear
- separates external ear from middle ear

Question 15

ceruminous glands

Answer 15

glands along the auditory canal that secrete a waxy material
- earwax

Question 16

auditory tube

Answer 16

connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx

Question 17

auditory ossicles

Answer 17

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 18

malleus (hammer)

Answer 18

attached to the tympanic membrane

Question 19

incus (anvil)

Answer 19

attached to the malleus and stapes

Question 20

stapes

Answer 20

– attaches to the edges of the oval window

Question 21

muscles of middle ear

Answer 21

tensor tympani
stapedius

Question 22

stapedius function

Answer 22

Reduces movement of stapes at the oval window

Question 23

internal ear contents

Answer 23

bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
vestibule
semicircular canals
cochlea

Question 24

bony labyrinth

Answer 24

can be subdivided into
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
Cochlea

Question 25

membranous labyrinth

Answer 25

interconnected network of fluid-filled tubes

Question 26

perilymph

Answer 26

fluid between the 2 labyrinths

Question 27

endolymph

Answer 27

fluid within the membranous labyrinth

Question 28

vestibule

Answer 28

consists of two membranous sacs, the saccule and the utricle

Question 29

Semicircular canals

Answer 29

three canals that contain three semicircular ducts

Question 30

cochlea

Answer 30

spiral-shaped bony chamber that contains the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth

Question 31

equilibrium

Answer 31

the state of physical balance

Question 32

macula

Answer 32

oval structure which contains hair cells and supporting cells

Question 33

otolithic membrane

Answer 33

– gelatinous structure where the stereocilia of hair cells are embedded

Question 34

pitch

Answer 34

our sensory perception of sound frequency

Question 35

amplitude

Answer 35

height of a sound wave due to the amount of energy

Question 36

intensity

Answer 36

amount of energy in a sound wave

Question 37

cochlear duct

Answer 37

chamber filled with endolymph

Question 38

spiral organ

Answer 38

organ inside the cochlear duct, which contains the hair cells that detect sound