ch 7 - axial skeleton study guide Flashcards
How many bones make up the Axial skeleton?
80
How many bones make up the skull?
8
Classify the 6 different types of bones in the body.
Flat
Long
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid
Sutural
fissure
narrow open slit in a bone
foramen
a hole or opening in a bone that allows the passage of structures from one region to another
fossa
a shallow depression
sulcus
a groove or furrow
meatus
tube like passage or canal in a structure
condyle
ROUNDED prominence on a bone
coronoid
POINTED prominence on a bone
facet
a small, flat articular surface
head
rounded articular end of an epiphysis, supported by neck
crest
a raised, thickened prominent ridge on a bone that provides surface for attachment
epiconcyle
a rounded bony projection above a condyle
spinous process
sharp, slender projection of the posterior of each vertebra
trochanter
a large, rough projection found on the femur
tubercle
small rounded projection found on bones
tuberosity
large, roughened, bumpy surface
list the 8 cranial bones
- Frontal bone
- Parietal bones (2)
- Temporal bones (2)
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Occipital
list the 14 facial bones
- Maxillae (2)
- Zygomatic bones (2)
- Nasal bones (2)
- Lacrimal bones (2)
- Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
- Palatine bones (2)
- Mandible
- Vomer
coronal suture
connects the frontal bone and the parietal bones
sagittal suture
connects the parietal bones
lambdoid suture
connects the parietal bones and the occipital bones
squamos suture
connects the temporal bones and the parietal bones
what are fontanels
large areas of fibrous connective tissue that connect unfused bones of the infant skull
how many fontanels are there
really 6, but we focus on 4
what are the 4 fontanelles?
posterior
anterior
mastoid
sphenoidal (anterolateral)
posterior fontanelle
at the junction between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures
- fuses by 6 months to 1 year
anterior fontanelle
soft spot, at the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures
- fuses in 18 months
Mastoid/posterolateral fontanelles
at the junction of the squamous and lambdoid sutures
- fuses by 4-6 months
sphenoidal (anterolateral) fontanel
at the junction of the squamous and coronal sutures
1st to fuse
paranasal sinuses
air-filled chambers connected to the nasal cavities
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
frontal sinus
ethmoidal cells
sphenoidal sinuses
axillary sinuses
atlas
1st vertebra (C1)
- no body
- no spinous processes
- articulates with the occipital bone
axis
2nd vertebra (C2)
- has a dens/odontoid process
cervical vertebra characteristics
- Bifid (2) spinous process
- Transverse foramen
thoracic vertebra characteristic
The spinous process points downwards, has costal facets
lumbar vertebra characteristics
The spinous process points straight backward, largest in size
which vertebra is called atlas and which is called axis
- Atlas: C1
- Axis: C2
how many bones make the thoracic cage
25 - the sternum and the ribs
What are the different parts of sternum? (3)
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
What are the differences between the true rib and the false rib?
- True ribs: ribs 1-7, The first seven ribs attach to the sternum in the front
-False ribs: ribs 8-12, The lower 8, 9, 10 paired ribs do not directly connect to the sternum
