ch 1 - intro to human body Flashcards
human anatomy
study of the structure of the human body
what are the 2 major types of anatomy?
gross and microscopic anatomy
gross anatomy
examining large structures that can be seen without magnification
what are 5 types of gross anatomy? (PRESS)
- pathological
- regional
- embryology
- surface
- systemic
pathological anatomy (gross)
anatomical changes during illness
embryology (gross)
study of early developmental processes
regional anatomy (gross)
anatomical organization of specific areas of the body
surface anatomy (gross)
the study of the general form of the body’s surface
systemic anatomy (gross)
study of the structure of organ systems
microscopic anatomy
structures we can’t see without magnification
cytology (microscopic)
study of cells
histology (microscopic)
study of the structure of tissues
human physiology
study of the FUNCTION of the human body
pathological physiology
study of the effects of diseases on organ functions or organ systems
what are the 6 levels of organization ?
atoms
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
atom
smallest stable unit of matter
cells
smallest living units in the body
tissue
group of cells working together to perform specific functions
organ
2 or more tissues working together to perform specific functions
organ system
group of organs interacting for a particular function
organism
an individual life form
surface anatomy
locating structures on or near the body surface
anatomical position
hands at sides, palms facing forward, and feet together
what are the 2 anatomical regions?
abdominopelvic quadrants and abdominopelvic regions
abdominopelvic quadrants
right and upper left quadrant, right and lower left quadrant
abdominopelvic regions
divides the abdominopelvic regions into 9 regions
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right inguinal region
hypogastric region
left inguinal region
anterior/ventral
front of the body
posterior
towards the back/back of the body
lateral
away from the midline
medial
toward the midline
proximal
close to the point of origin
distal
far from the point of origin
superficial/external
toward the body surface
deep/internal
toward the interior of the body, away from the surface
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into LEFT and RIGHT portions
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR positions
transverse plane
divides the body into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR portions
body cavities
closed, fluid-filled and lined by a thin tissue layer called a serous membrane
what are the 2 ANTERIOR major cavities?
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
cavity in the chest wall that holds heart and lungs
what sub cavities are in the thoracic cavity
contains:
pleural cavities, pericardial activity, and the mediastinum
abdominopelvic cavity
deep to the abdominal and pelvic walls
- extends from the diaphragm to the top of the pelvic bones
contains digestive organs: liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine
what subcavities are in abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
homeostasis
physiological process that establish a relatively stable internal environment
mechanisms of homeostasis
autoregulation: the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis through automatic, self-regulating processes,
extrinsic regulation: the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis through the use of external control systems, such as the nervous system or the endocrine system
homeostasis consists of (3)
receptor, control center, effector
receptor
sensor that detects the stimulus or change
control center
receives, processes the information, and sends out commands
effector
a cell organ that comes out the commands of the control center
What are the 2 major DORSAL cavities?
Cranial and vertebral cavity
What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver and gallbladder
What organs are in the epigastric region?
Stomach
What organ is in the left hypochondriac region?
Diaphragm, spleen
What organs are in the right lumbar region?
Ascending colon of large intestine
What organs are in the umbilical region?
Small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine
What organs are in the left lumbar region
Descending colon of large intestine
What organs are in the right inguinal region?
Cecum, appendix
What organs are in the hypochondria region?
Urinary bladder
What organs are in the left inguinal region?
Initial part of sigmoid colon
pelvic cavity
the inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and reproductive organs.
What Organs are in the right upper quadrant
Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What organs are in the left upper quadrant?
Pancreas
Stomach
What organs are in the left upper quadrant?
Pancreas
Stomach
What organs are in the right lower quadrant
Colon
Cecum
Appendix
