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A And P 1 > ch 1 - intro to human body > Flashcards

ch 1 - intro to human body Flashcards

1
Q

human anatomy

A

study of the structure of the human body

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2
Q

what are the 2 major types of anatomy?

A

gross and microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

gross anatomy

A

examining large structures that can be seen without magnification

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4
Q

what are 5 types of gross anatomy? (PRESS)

A
  • pathological
  • regional
  • embryology
  • surface
  • systemic
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5
Q

pathological anatomy (gross)

A

anatomical changes during illness

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6
Q

embryology (gross)

A

study of early developmental processes

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7
Q

regional anatomy (gross)

A

anatomical organization of specific areas of the body

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8
Q

surface anatomy (gross)

A

the study of the general form of the body’s surface

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9
Q

systemic anatomy (gross)

A

study of the structure of organ systems

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10
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

structures we can’t see without magnification

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11
Q

cytology (microscopic)

A

study of cells

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12
Q

histology (microscopic)

A

study of the structure of tissues

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13
Q

human physiology

A

study of the FUNCTION of the human body

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14
Q

pathological physiology

A

study of the effects of diseases on organ functions or organ systems

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15
Q

what are the 6 levels of organization ?

A

atoms
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism

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16
Q

atom

A

smallest stable unit of matter

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17
Q

cells

A

smallest living units in the body

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18
Q

tissue

A

group of cells working together to perform specific functions

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19
Q

organ

A

2 or more tissues working together to perform specific functions

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20
Q

organ system

A

group of organs interacting for a particular function

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21
Q

organism

A

an individual life form

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22
Q

surface anatomy

A

locating structures on or near the body surface

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23
Q

anatomical position

A

hands at sides, palms facing forward, and feet together

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24
Q

what are the 2 anatomical regions?

A

abdominopelvic quadrants and abdominopelvic regions

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25
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

right and upper left quadrant, right and lower left quadrant

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26
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

divides the abdominopelvic regions into 9 regions

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27
Q

what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

A

right hypochondriac region
epigastric region
left hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
umbilical region
left lumbar region
right inguinal region
hypogastric region
left inguinal region

28
Q

anterior/ventral

A

front of the body

29
Q

posterior

A

towards the back/back of the body

30
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

31
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

32
Q

proximal

A

close to the point of origin

33
Q

distal

A

far from the point of origin

34
Q

superficial/external

A

toward the body surface

35
Q

deep/internal

A

toward the interior of the body, away from the surface

36
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into LEFT and RIGHT portions

37
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR positions

38
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR portions

39
Q

body cavities

A

closed, fluid-filled and lined by a thin tissue layer called a serous membrane

40
Q

what are the 2 ANTERIOR major cavities?

A

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

41
Q

thoracic cavity

A

cavity in the chest wall that holds heart and lungs

42
Q

what sub cavities are in the thoracic cavity

A

contains:
pleural cavities, pericardial activity, and the mediastinum

43
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

deep to the abdominal and pelvic walls
- extends from the diaphragm to the top of the pelvic bones
contains digestive organs: liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine

44
Q

what subcavities are in abdominopelvic cavity?

A

abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity

45
Q

homeostasis

A

physiological process that establish a relatively stable internal environment

46
Q

mechanisms of homeostasis

A

autoregulation: the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis through automatic, self-regulating processes,

extrinsic regulation: the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis through the use of external control systems, such as the nervous system or the endocrine system

47
Q

homeostasis consists of (3)

A

receptor, control center, effector

48
Q

receptor

A

sensor that detects the stimulus or change

49
Q

control center

A

receives, processes the information, and sends out commands

50
Q

effector

A

a cell organ that comes out the commands of the control center

51
Q

What are the 2 major DORSAL cavities?

A

Cranial and vertebral cavity

52
Q

What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver and gallbladder

53
Q

What organs are in the epigastric region?

A

Stomach

54
Q

What organ is in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Diaphragm, spleen

55
Q

What organs are in the right lumbar region?

A

Ascending colon of large intestine

56
Q

What organs are in the umbilical region?

A

Small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine

57
Q

What organs are in the left lumbar region

A

Descending colon of large intestine

58
Q

What organs are in the right inguinal region?

A

Cecum, appendix

59
Q

What organs are in the hypochondria region?

A

Urinary bladder

60
Q

What organs are in the left inguinal region?

A

Initial part of sigmoid colon

61
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and reproductive organs.

62
Q

What Organs are in the right upper quadrant

A

Liver
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas

63
Q

What organs are in the left upper quadrant?

A

Pancreas
Stomach

64
Q

What organs are in the left upper quadrant?

A

Pancreas
Stomach

65
Q

What organs are in the right lower quadrant

A

Colon
Cecum
Appendix

A And P 1 (14 decks)

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