ch 1 - intro to human body Flashcards

1
Q

human anatomy

A

study of the structure of the human body

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2
Q

what are the 2 major types of anatomy?

A

gross and microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

gross anatomy

A

examining large structures that can be seen without magnification

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4
Q

what are 5 types of gross anatomy? (PRESS)

A
  • pathological
  • regional
  • embryology
  • surface
  • systemic
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5
Q

pathological anatomy (gross)

A

anatomical changes during illness

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6
Q

embryology (gross)

A

study of early developmental processes

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7
Q

regional anatomy (gross)

A

anatomical organization of specific areas of the body

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8
Q

surface anatomy (gross)

A

the study of the general form of the body’s surface

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9
Q

systemic anatomy (gross)

A

study of the structure of organ systems

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10
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

structures we can’t see without magnification

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11
Q

cytology (microscopic)

A

study of cells

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12
Q

histology (microscopic)

A

study of the structure of tissues

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13
Q

human physiology

A

study of the FUNCTION of the human body

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14
Q

pathological physiology

A

study of the effects of diseases on organ functions or organ systems

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15
Q

what are the 6 levels of organization ?

A

atoms
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism

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16
Q

atom

A

smallest stable unit of matter

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17
Q

cells

A

smallest living units in the body

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18
Q

tissue

A

group of cells working together to perform specific functions

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19
Q

organ

A

2 or more tissues working together to perform specific functions

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20
Q

organ system

A

group of organs interacting for a particular function

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21
Q

organism

A

an individual life form

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22
Q

surface anatomy

A

locating structures on or near the body surface

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23
Q

anatomical position

A

hands at sides, palms facing forward, and feet together

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24
Q

what are the 2 anatomical regions?

A

abdominopelvic quadrants and abdominopelvic regions

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25
abdominopelvic quadrants
right and upper left quadrant, right and lower left quadrant
26
abdominopelvic regions
divides the abdominopelvic regions into 9 regions
27
what are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
right hypochondriac region epigastric region left hypochondriac region right lumbar region umbilical region left lumbar region right inguinal region hypogastric region left inguinal region
28
anterior/ventral
front of the body
29
posterior
towards the back/back of the body
30
lateral
away from the midline
31
medial
toward the midline
32
proximal
close to the point of origin
33
distal
far from the point of origin
34
superficial/external
toward the body surface
35
deep/internal
toward the interior of the body, away from the surface
36
sagittal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into LEFT and RIGHT portions
37
frontal plane
vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR positions
38
transverse plane
divides the body into SUPERIOR and INFERIOR portions
39
body cavities
closed, fluid-filled and lined by a thin tissue layer called a serous membrane
40
what are the 2 ANTERIOR major cavities?
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
41
thoracic cavity
cavity in the chest wall that holds heart and lungs
42
what sub cavities are in the thoracic cavity
contains: pleural cavities, pericardial activity, and the mediastinum
43
abdominopelvic cavity
deep to the abdominal and pelvic walls - extends from the diaphragm to the top of the pelvic bones contains digestive organs: liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine
44
what subcavities are in abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal cavity pelvic cavity peritoneal cavity
45
homeostasis
physiological process that establish a relatively stable internal environment
46
mechanisms of homeostasis
autoregulation: the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis through automatic, self-regulating processes, extrinsic regulation: the body's ability to maintain homeostasis through the use of external control systems, such as the nervous system or the endocrine system
47
homeostasis consists of (3)
receptor, control center, effector
48
receptor
sensor that detects the stimulus or change
49
control center
receives, processes the information, and sends out commands
50
effector
a cell organ that comes out the commands of the control center
51
What are the 2 major DORSAL cavities?
Cranial and vertebral cavity
52
What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver and gallbladder
53
What organs are in the epigastric region?
Stomach
54
What organ is in the left hypochondriac region?
Diaphragm, spleen
55
What organs are in the right lumbar region?
Ascending colon of large intestine
56
What organs are in the umbilical region?
Small intestine, transverse colon of large intestine
57
What organs are in the left lumbar region
Descending colon of large intestine
58
What organs are in the right inguinal region?
Cecum, appendix
59
What organs are in the hypochondria region?
Urinary bladder
60
What organs are in the left inguinal region?
Initial part of sigmoid colon
61
pelvic cavity
the inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and reproductive organs.
62
What Organs are in the right upper quadrant
Liver Stomach Gallbladder Pancreas
63
What organs are in the left upper quadrant?
Pancreas Stomach
64
What organs are in the left upper quadrant?
Pancreas Stomach
65
What organs are in the right lower quadrant
Colon Cecum Appendix