ch 6 part 2

Question 1

nutrient artery

Answer 1

supply diaphysis

Question 2

metaphyseal vessels

Answer 2

supply epiphyseal cartilages

Question 3

periosteal vessels

Answer 3

supply superficial osteons and secondary ossification centers

Question 4

minerals important for bone growth

Answer 4

calcium and phosphorus
magnesium
fluoride

Question 5

hormones that stimulate bone growth

Answer 5

growth hormone and thyroxine

Question 6

what hormones stimulate the synthesis of bone matrix

Answer 6

sex hormones - estrogen + testosterone

Question 7

hormone that control bone remodeling

Answer 7

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

Question 8

when is calcitonin released

Answer 8

when theres high levels of calcium in your blood
- promotes bone deposition/osteoblasts
- tells body to build more bone

Question 9

when is parathyroid hormone released

Answer 9

when body is need of calcium
- causes resorption where osteoclasts break down bone and release calcium into the blood

Question 10

what does calcitonin do

Answer 10

• promotes bone deposition (osteoblasts)
• increases uptake of calcium in bone
• decreases calcium in blood

Question 11

what does PTH do

Answer 11

-promotes bone resorption (osteoclasts)
- decreases calcium in bone
- increases calcium in blood

Question 12

osteoporosis

Answer 12

loss of bone mass sufficient to compromise normal bone function
- creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with removal of old bone

Question 13

osteopenia

Answer 13

inadequate ossification (reduction of bone mass)

Question 14

fractures

Answer 14

cracks or breaks in bones due to physicals tress

Question 15

open (compound) fracture

Answer 15

projects through the skin

Question 16

closed (simple) fracture

Answer 16

completely internal

Question 17

pituitary growth failure

Answer 17

inadequate production of growth hormone resulting in abnormally short bones

Question 18

gigantism

Answer 18

overproduction of growth hormone before puberty

Question 19

acromegaly

Answer 19

overproduction of growth hormone after epiphyseal closure resulting in thicker bones and changes in physical features

Question 20

steps of bone repair

Answer 20

1. formation of hematoma
2. fibrocartilagous callus formation
3. spongy bone formation replaces callus
4. compact bone formation