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A And P 1 > ch 5 - integumentary system > Flashcards

ch 5 - integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of the integumentary system

A
  1. cutaneous membrane (skin) - epidermis and dermis
  2. accessory structures: hair, hair follicle, nails, glands
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2
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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3
Q

integument functions (4)

A
  1. protection - acts as physical and chemical barrier
  2. excretion - removes wastes through sweat
  3. thermoregulation
  4. melanin production
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4
Q

epidermis

A

top layer of skin made of stratified squamous epithelium tissue

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5
Q

2 types of skin in epidermis

A

thick and thin

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6
Q

thin skin

A

has 4 layers in the epidermis, covers most of the body

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7
Q

thick skin

A

has 5 layers in the epidermis, found on palms of hands + soles of feet

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8
Q

keratin

A

double protein that makes hair and nails

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9
Q

keratin function

A

protects tissue of skin; made of tough protein fiber

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10
Q

epidermis sublayers
Can Lemurs Get Some Bamboo

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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11
Q

stratum basale

A
  • deepest layer where cell division takes place
  • attachment to basement membrane
  • contains basal cells, melanocytes and tactile cells
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12
Q

stratum spinosum

A

-2nd deepest layer of epidermis
-has 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes and contains langerhans cells

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13
Q

stratum granulosum

A

-3-5 layers of flattened dying keratinocytes that produce keratin

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14
Q

stratum lucidium

A
  • appears as glassy layer in thick skin only
  • 4-6 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes,
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15
Q

stratum corneum

A

top layer
- has dead cells continually shedding and being replaced
- water resistant, not waterproof

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16
Q

types of water loss from skin (2)

A
  1. insensible perspiration: evaporative water loss, cant be seen or felt
  2. sensible perspiration: sweating
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17
Q

dermis

A

deeper layer of skin located under epidermis
- made of connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

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18
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular

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19
Q

papillary layer

A

top layer of dermis that is thinner and made of loose areolar tissue

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20
Q

papillary layer function

A

nourishes and supports epidermis

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21
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of dermis that consists of dense irregular connective tissue, rich in collagen and elastic fibers

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22
Q

reticular layer function

A

has sensory receptors that detect touch, pain, pressure, vibration
- blood vessels assist in thermoregulation

23
Q

tension lines

A

pattern produced by parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis

24
Q

clinical significance of tension lines

A
  • cuts made parallel to tension lines stay closed and heal with minimal scarring

-Cuts made perpendicular to tension lines lead to more scarring

25
Q

branch of arteries within the subcutaneous layer form the following 2 networks:

A
  1. cutaneous plexus
  2. subpapillary plexus
26
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

stabilizes position of the skin and connects the dermis to underlying tissues

27
Q

melanin

A

red/yellow or brown/black pigment produced by melanocytes

28
Q

carotene

A

orange/yellow pigment that accumulates in epidermal cells

29
Q

skin color is affected by

A

amount of melanin production not number of melanocytes (we all have same # of melanocytes)

30
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish coloration of skin due to deoxygenated blood

31
Q

hemoglobin

A

binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream

32
Q

vitiligo

A

loss of melanocytes which result in white patches in skin

33
Q

albinism

A

inherited genetic disorder with individual having an inability to produce melanin

34
Q

accessory structuress

A

hair, nails and glands

35
Q

hair

A

keratinous strand produced by epithelial cells of the hair follicle

36
Q

hair root

A

portion of hair that anchors the hair into the skin

37
Q

hair shaft

A

extends from end of hair root to the exposed top of the hair
- above the skin

38
Q

longitudinal layers of hair

A

cuticle, cortex, and medulla

39
Q

hair follicle

A

tube lined by stratified squamos epithlium, sac where the hair grows
- has nerve (hair root plexus) supply

40
Q

hair root plexus

A

sensory nerves surround the base of each hair follicle

41
Q

hair bulb

A

onion shaped based that surrounds hair papilla

42
Q

hair papilla

A

connective tissue containing (blood vessels) to nourish the hair follicle

43
Q

arrector pili

A

involuntary smooth muscle whose contractions causes hairs to stand up

44
Q

epidermal growth factor function

A

Stimulating repair of the epidermis after injury

Stimulating division of cells in stratum basale

Accelerating keratin production

45
Q

Approximately how long does it take for a cell to move from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum?

A

7-10 days

46
Q

Differences in skin color among individuals are the result of

A

the different levels of melanin synthesis

47
Q

Psoriasis is a skin disorder in which there is abnormal increased mitotic activity in the

A

stratum basale

48
Q

The cell of the epidermis that detects tactile sensations is the

A

merkel cells

49
Q

The cell of the epidermis that are macrophages is the

A

Langerhans cell

50
Q

The most common type of skin cancer is

A

basal cell carcinoma

51
Q

What type of skin cancer is more likely to be malignant?

A

melanoma

52
Q

melanoma

A

aggressive cancer of the melanocytes (melanoyctes grow out of control)

53
Q

Rule of 9’s to calculate the percentage of area burnt on a body?

A

head - 9%

Each upper limb is 9%

The trunk is 36%, back is 18, front is 18%

Each lower limb is 18%

Genitalia are 1%

54
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer
- cancer that begins in the stratum basale

A And P 1 (14 decks)

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