ch 16 - autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous sytem

A

Involuntary control of visceral effectors such as smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle, adipocytes

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2
Q

visceral motor neurons of ans

A

-preganglionic neurons
- postganglionic neurons

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3
Q

preganglionic neurons

A

Cell bodies in brainstem and spinal cord
- short in the sns, long in the psns

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4
Q

postganglionic neurons

A

Cell bodies in autonomic ganglia
- long in the sns, short in the psns

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5
Q

sympathetic division

A

fight or flight response

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6
Q

parasympathetic division

A

rest and digest

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7
Q

Thoracolumbar division

A

cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar sections of the spinal cord

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8
Q

preganglionic fibers characteristics

A
  • short
  • synapse w/ many postganglionic neurons
  • release ACh
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9
Q

types of ganglia

A

sympathetic chanin ganglia
collateral ganglia
adrenal medullae

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10
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

A

lie on each side of the vertebral column and control effects in thoracic cavity, head, neck, and limbs

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11
Q

collateral ganglia

A

anterior to vertebral column and innervate abdominopelvic tissues

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12
Q

celiac ganglia

A

a pair of interconnected masses of gray matter located at the base of that artery

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13
Q

superior mesenteric ganglion

A

near the base of the superior mesenteric artery, which provides blood to the stomach

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14
Q

inferior mesenteric ganglion

A

near the base of the inferior mesenteric artery,

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15
Q

adrenal medulla

A

modified sympathetic ganglion at the center of each adrenal gland

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16
Q

sympathetic activation

A

entire sympathetic division responds during a crisis

17
Q

sympathetic preganglionic neurons releases

A

ACh
- these synapses are called cholinergic and are always excitatory

18
Q

cholinergic vs adgrenergic

A

A: part of sympathetic nervous system

C: part of parasympathetic nervous system

19
Q

varicosities

A

postganglionic neurons that branch into telodendria with segments that store neurotransmitters

20
Q

most postganglionic neurons release

A

norepinephrine (NE)

21
Q

adrenergic receptors

A

membrane G-protein coupled receptors that bind to NE and epinephrine

22
Q

classes of adrenergic reactors

A

alpha (more sensitive to NE) and beta receptors

23
Q

types of alpha receptors

A

alpha 1: more common, found in smooth muscle, has excitatory effect

alpha 2: has inhibitory effect, coordinates activities of the ANS

24
Q

beta receptors

A

stimulation increases intracellular cAMP levels and triggers changes in metabolic activity

25
types of beta receptors
beta 1 beta 2 beta 3
26
beta 1 receptors
increase in metabolic activity in heart and muscles
27
beta 2 receptors
stimulation triggers relaxation of smooth muscles along respiratory tract
28
beta 3 receptors
stimulation leads to lipolysis, the breakdown of triglycerides in adipocytes
29
most sympathetic synapses at target organs are
adrenergic
30
craniosacral division of PSD (parasympathtic division)
cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are in the brainstem and lateral horns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord
31
terminal ganglion
near the target organ, usually paired
32
intramural ganglion
embedded in the tissues of the target organ
33
all parasympathetic neurons relase
ACh
34
cholinergic receptors
receptors for ACh in PSNS
35
types of cholinergic receptors
nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors
36
nicotinic receptors
parasympathetic receptor is found on ganglionic neurons and causes excitation
37
suprarenal medulla
endocrine gland that is innervated by the sympathetic division and is a modified sympathetic ganglion
38
whats located in the parasympathetic division
Long preganglionic fiber Vagus nerve (CN X) Pelvic nerves Ganglia within target tissue
39
whats located in the sympathetic division?
Chain ganglia Long postganglionic fiber Thoracolumbar origins Short preganglionic fiber