ch 9 - joints

Question 1

joints

Answer 1

where two bones connect
- Allow for movement to occurs

Question 2

2 classification schemes of joints

Answer 2

Structural – classified based on joint anatomy

Functional – classified based on range of motion

Question 3

structural classification of joints (4)

Answer 3

fibrous
cartilaginous
bony
synovial

Question 4

fibrous

Answer 4

held together by dense fibrous connective tissue or a fibrous ligament

Question 5

cartilaginous

Answer 5

held together by cartilage

Question 6

bony

Answer 6

rigid ossified joint

Question 7

synovial

Answer 7

enclosed by a capsule filled with synovial fluid

Question 8

functional classification of joints (3)

Answer 8

• synarthrosis
• amphiarthrosis
• diarthrosis

Question 9

synarthrosis

Answer 9

immovable joint
- can be fibrous, cartilaginous, or bony

Question 10

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 10

slightly movable joint

Question 11

Diarthrosis

Answer 11

freely movable joint

Question 12

synovial joints (diarthroses)

Answer 12

Freely movable joints at the ends of long bones
- surrounded by joint capsule

Question 13

components of synovial joints (4)

Answer 13

1. fibrous joint capsule
2. synovial membrane
3. articular cartilage
4. joint cavity

Question 14

synovial fluid

Answer 14

clear, viscous solution
- Lubrication between articulating surfaces

Question 15

accessory structures of synovial joints (5)

Answer 15

-cartilages/meniscus
- fat pads
- ligaments
- tendons
- bursae

Question 16

cartilages - meniscus

Answer 16

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

Question 17

fat pads

Answer 17

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane

Question 18

ligaments

Answer 18

support and strengthen joints
Bone to bone

Question 19

tendons

Answer 19

attach muscles to and stabilize the joint

Question 20

bursae

Answer 20

small pockets filled with synovial fluid

Question 21

bursitis

Answer 21

– inflammation due to repetitive motion, pressure, infection or trauma that results in swollen bursae with excess synovial fluid

Question 22

classification of synovial joints (6)

Answer 22

plane
hinge
condylar
saddle joint
pivot
ball and socket joint

Question 23

plane (gliding) joint

Answer 23

flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide against one another

Question 24

hinge joint

Answer 24

permits angular motion in a single plane (monaxial, angular)

Question 25

condylar joint

Answer 25

oval articular face nested within a depression on the opposite surface

Question 26

saddle joint

Answer 26

articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle

Question 27

pivot joint

Answer 27

permits rotation

Question 28

ball and socket joint

Answer 28

round head of one bone fits in a cup-shaped depression in another

Question 29

range of motion

Answer 29

the full movement at a particular joint

Question 30

3 axes of motion

Answer 30

monaxial, biaxial, triaxial

Question 31

monaxial

Answer 31

joint that permits movement around one axis (e.g., elbow)

Question 32

biaxial

Answer 32

joint that permits movement around two axes (e.g., wrist)

Question 33

triaxial

Answer 33

joint that permits movement around three axes (e.g., shoulder)

Question 34

types of movement at synovial joints (5)

Answer 34

gliding
angular
circumduction
rotational
special movements

Question 35

gliding movement

Answer 35

when two flat surfaces slide past each other

Question 36

angular movements

Answer 36

change an angle

Question 37

types of angular movements (5)

Answer 37

Flexion – decreases the angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane

Extension – increases angle between articulating bones in the anterior–posterior plane

Hyperextension – extension past the normal anatomical limit

abduction

adduction

Question 38

abduction

Answer 38

movement away from longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Question 39

adduction

Answer 39

movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane

Question 40

circumduction

Answer 40

a complete circular movement without rotation

Question 41

rotational movement

Answer 41

Rotation in reference to anatomical position

Question 42

special movements

Answer 42

movements at specific joints

Question 43

types of special movements (5)

Answer 43

inversion
eversion
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
opposition
reposition

Question 44

inversion

Answer 44

twists the sole of the foot medially

Question 45

eversion

Question 46

dorsiflexion

Answer 46

flexion at the ankle (lifting toes)

Question 47

plantar flexion

Answer 47

extension at the ankle (pointing toes)

Question 48

opposition

Answer 48

movement of the thumb toward palm or other fingers

Question 49

reposition

Answer 49

returns thumb and fingers from opposition

Question 50

protraction

Answer 50

movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane (forward)

Question 51

retraction

Answer 51

opposite of protraction (pulling back)

Question 52

depression

Answer 52

moving a structure inferiorly (down)

Question 53

elevation

Answer 53

moving a structure superiorly (up)

Question 54

lateral flexion

Answer 54

bending the vertebral column to the side

Question 55

Intervertebral joints

Answer 55

joints between adjacent vertebral bodies and adjacent vertebral articular processes

Question 56

elbow joint

Answer 56

a complex hinge joint that involves the humerus, radius, and ulna

Question 57

knee joint

Answer 57

a complex hinge joint that involves the femur, the tibia, and the patella

Question 58

shoulder joint

Answer 58

ball-and-socket diarthrosis between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

Question 59

hip joint

Answer 59

strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone