ch 9 - joints Flashcards

1
Q

joints

A

where two bones connect
- Allow for movement to occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 classification schemes of joints

A

Structural – classified based on joint anatomy

Functional – classified based on range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structural classification of joints (4)

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
bony
synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fibrous

A

held together by dense fibrous connective tissue or a fibrous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cartilaginous

A

held together by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bony

A

rigid ossified joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synovial

A

enclosed by a capsule filled with synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

functional classification of joints (3)

A
  • synarthrosis
  • amphiarthrosis
  • diarthrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint
- can be fibrous, cartilaginous, or bony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

slightly movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synovial joints (diarthroses)

A

Freely movable joints at the ends of long bones
- surrounded by joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

components of synovial joints (4)

A
  1. fibrous joint capsule
  2. synovial membrane
  3. articular cartilage
  4. joint cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synovial fluid

A

clear, viscous solution
- Lubrication between articulating surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

accessory structures of synovial joints (5)

A

-cartilages/meniscus
- fat pads
- ligaments
- tendons
- bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cartilages - meniscus

A

fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fat pads

A

localized masses of adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ligaments

A

support and strengthen joints
Bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tendons

A

attach muscles to and stabilize the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bursae

A

small pockets filled with synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bursitis

A

– inflammation due to repetitive motion, pressure, infection or trauma that results in swollen bursae with excess synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

classification of synovial joints (6)

A

plane
hinge
condylar
saddle joint
pivot
ball and socket joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

plane (gliding) joint

A

flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide against one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hinge joint

A

permits angular motion in a single plane (monaxial, angular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
condylar joint
oval articular face nested within a depression on the opposite surface
26
saddle joint
articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle
27
pivot joint
permits rotation
28
ball and socket joint
round head of one bone fits in a cup-shaped depression in another
29
range of motion
the full movement at a particular joint
30
3 axes of motion
monaxial, biaxial, triaxial
31
monaxial
joint that permits movement around one axis (e.g., elbow)
32
biaxial
joint that permits movement around two axes (e.g., wrist)
33
triaxial
joint that permits movement around three axes (e.g., shoulder)
34
types of movement at synovial joints (5)
gliding angular circumduction rotational special movements
34
35
gliding movement
when two flat surfaces slide past each other
36
angular movements
change an angle
37
types of angular movements (5)
Flexion – decreases the angle between articulating bones in the anterior-posterior plane Extension – increases angle between articulating bones in the anterior–posterior plane Hyperextension – extension past the normal anatomical limit abduction adduction
38
abduction
movement away from longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane
39
adduction
movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane
40
circumduction
a complete circular movement without rotation
41
rotational movement
Rotation in reference to anatomical position
42
special movements
movements at specific joints
43
types of special movements (5)
inversion eversion dorsiflexion plantar flexion opposition reposition
44
inversion
twists the sole of the foot medially
45
eversion
46
dorsiflexion
flexion at the ankle (lifting toes)
47
plantar flexion
extension at the ankle (pointing toes)
48
opposition
movement of the thumb toward palm or other fingers
49
reposition
returns thumb and fingers from opposition
50
protraction
movement of a body part anteriorly in the horizontal plane (forward)
51
retraction
opposite of protraction (pulling back)
52
depression
moving a structure inferiorly (down)
53
elevation
moving a structure superiorly (up)
54
lateral flexion
bending the vertebral column to the side
55
Intervertebral joints
joints between adjacent vertebral bodies and adjacent vertebral articular processes
56
elbow joint
a complex hinge joint that involves the humerus, radius, and ulna
57
knee joint
a complex hinge joint that involves the femur, the tibia, and the patella
58
shoulder joint
ball-and-socket diarthrosis between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
59
hip joint
strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone