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A And P 1 > ch 10.1 - 10.3, muscle tissue > Flashcards

ch 10.1 - 10.3, muscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

muscle tissue

A

primary tissue responsible for contraction and movement

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2
Q

types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, muscle

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3
Q

common properties of muscle tissue

A

excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

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4
Q

excitability (responsiveness)

A

ability to receive and respond to stimuli

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5
Q

contractility

A

the ability of cells to shorten

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6
Q

extensibility

A

ability of the muscle to stretch

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7
Q

elasticity

A

ability of the muscle to recoil to its resting length

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8
Q

functions of skeletal muscle

A
  • producing movement
    -mainting posture and body position
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9
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscles of the body that are attached to bones

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10
Q

3 layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscles

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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11
Q

epimysium

A

layer of collagen fibers that surrounds entire muscle and separates it from surrounding to tissues
- connected to the deep fascia (dense connective tissue layer)

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12
Q

perimysium

A

surrounds individual fascicles (muscle fiber bundles)
- contains collagen + elastic fibers, blood vessels and nerves

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13
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds individual muscle cells and loose interconnects them

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14
Q

what does endomysium contain

A

capillary networks
myosatellite cells (stem cells that repair damage)
nerve fibers

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15
Q

at the end of each muscle

A

collagen fibers of the epi,peri, and endomysium come together to form a tendon or broad sheet called an aponeurosis

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16
Q

what do tendons and aponeuroses do

A

attach skeletal muscles to bones

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17
Q

myofibrils

A

made of protein myofilaments (actin + myosin) that forms sarcomeres

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18
Q

muscle fibers

A

muscle cell

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19
Q

muscle fasicles

A

bundle of muscle fibers

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20
Q

skeletal muscle fiber (cells) characteristics

A
  • large
  • multinucleate
  • striated
  • develop by fusion of embryonic cells called myoblasts
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21
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of a muscle fiber that surrounds the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of muscle fiber)

22
Q

what initiates a contraction in skeletal muscle fiber

A

a sudden change in the membrane potential

23
Q

transverse tubules (t-tububles)

A

narrow tubes continuous w/ the sarcolemma, which extend deep into the sarcoplasm

24
Q

t-tubules function

A

quickly transmit electrical impulses from the sarcolemma into the cell interior to ensure a coordinated contraction of the entire cell

25
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

tubular network similar to smooth ER that surrounds each myofibril

26
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function

A
  • forms chambers (terminal cisternae) that attach to T tubules
  • specialized for storage and release of calcium
27
Q

triad

A

a pair of terminal cisternae plus a T tubule

28
Q

myofibrils

A

organized collection of myofilaments that are responsible for muscle contraction
- surrounded by SR

29
Q

myofilaments

A

bundles of contracticle protein filaments
- actin and myosin

30
Q

2 types of myofilaments

A

thin - composed of actin
thick - composed of myosin

31
Q

sacromeres

A

repeating structural and functional units of a myofibril
- smallest contractile units of muscle fiber

32
Q

bands of the sacromere

A

A bands (dark bands)
I bands (light bands)

32
Q

z disc

A

separates sarcomeres

33
Q

A bands

A

dark bands which run the length of the thick filaments

34
Q

subdivisions of A band

A

M line, H band, and zone of overlap

35
Q

M line

A

vertical line in center of A band; contains proteins that stabilize the position of the thick filaments

36
Q

H band

A

made only of thick filaments and extends on either side of the M line

37
Q

zone of overlap

A

region where the thick and thin filaments overlap

38
Q

I bands

A

light bands that contain only thin filaments
- extends from A band of one sarcomere to the A band of the next sarcomere

39
Q

Z lines

A

bisect the I bands and mark the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres

40
Q

titin

A

elastic protein which extends from the tops of thick filaments to the Z line

41
Q

titin function

A
  • keeps filaments in proper alignment
  • aids in restoring resting sarcomere length
42
Q

thin filament contains what 4 proteins

A

F-actin
nebulin
tropomyosin
troponin

43
Q

filamentous actin (F-actin)

A

twisted strand composed of 2 rows of globular G-actin molecules

44
Q

nebulin

A

holds the F-actin strands together

45
Q

tropomyosin

A

covers the active sites on G-actin and prevents actin-myosin interaction

46
Q

troponin

A

globular protein that holds tropomyosin in place and binds to calcium ions

47
Q

troponin

A

globular protein that holds tropomyosin in place and binds to calcium ions

48
Q

thick filaments contain

A

myosin

49
Q

each myosin molecule consists of

A

tail: binds to other myosin molecules, points towards the M line
head: made of 2 globular protein subunits, protects toward the nearest thin filament

50
Q

sliding filament theory

A

during a contraction, the thin filament slides toward the center of the sarcomere (M line) alongside the thick filaments

  • a sarcomere shortens as the thick and thin filaments slide past one another
51
Q

steps of contraction

A
  1. brain stimulates muscle contraction + sends action potential
  2. terminal cisternae relases Ca to bind to troponin
  3. troponin becomes flat when Ca binds + tropomyosin slips off which activates exposed active sites on G- actin protein
  4. Myosin heads bind to exposed active sites
  5. power stroke/muscle contracts

A And P 1 (41 decks)

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