ch 17

Question 1

special senses

Answer 1

smell
taste
vision
balance
hearing

Question 2

olfaction

Answer 2

sense of smell

Question 3

2 layers of nasal cavity

Answer 3

olfactory epithelium
lamina propria

Question 4

odorants

Answer 4

small airborne organic water-soluble or lipid-soluble substances which stimulate the olfactory receptors

Question 5

olfactory sensory nurons

Answer 5

highly modified nerve cells

Question 6

gustation

Answer 6

sense of taste

Question 7

lingual papillae

Answer 7

epithelial projections on the surface of the tongue

Question 8

filiform papillae

Answer 8

• found on front 2/3 of tongue
  Provide friction to move food around mouth and do not contain taste buds

Question 9

fungiform papillae

Answer 9

• scattered along the tip and sides of tongue

Question 10

5 taste discriminations

Answer 10

sweet
salty
sour
bitter
umami

Question 11

palpebral fissure

Answer 11

gap that separates the free margins of the upper and lower eyelids

Question 12

tarsal glands

Answer 12

modified sebaceous glands along the inner margin of the eyelid

Question 13

lacrimal caruncle

Answer 13

mass of soft tissue at medial angle of eye, which contains glands producing thick secretions

Question 14

conjunctiva

Answer 14

epithelial membrane of eye

Question 15

types of conjunctiva

Answer 15

palpebral: covers inner surface of the eyelids

bulbar: covers the anterior surface of eye

Question 16

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 16

produces, distributes, and removes tears

Question 17

lacrimal gland

Answer 17

tear gland/produces tears

Question 18

lacrimal sac

Answer 18

collects tears from lacrimal canaliculi

Question 19

nasolacrimal duct

Answer 19

conducts tears from the inferior portion of the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

Question 20

layers of the eyeball

Answer 20

1. fibrous - outer
2. vascular - middle
3. inner layer

Question 21

whats contained in the fibrous layer

Answer 21

cornea and sclera

Question 22

whats in the vascular layer (3)

Answer 22

iris
cilliary body
choroid

Question 23

inner layer

Answer 23

neural layer
pigmented layer

Question 24

sclera

Answer 24

white of the eye

Question 25

cornea

Answer 25

transparent most anterior part of the eye

Question 26

iris

Answer 26

colored part of the eye

Question 27

pupil

Answer 27

opening of iris that allows light into the eyeball

Question 28

photoreceptors

Answer 28

cells that detect light

Question 29

rods

Answer 29

allow for vision when light is low

Question 30

cones

Answer 30

provide color vision

Question 31

bipolar cells

Answer 31

neurons that synapse with the rods and cones

Question 32

ganglion cells

Answer 32

neurons that synapse with bipolar cells

Question 33

horizontal cells

Answer 33

form a network that extends across the neural layer at the level of the photoreceptor-bipolar cell synapses

Question 34

amacrine cells

Answer 34

form a network that extends across the neural layer at the level of the bipolar ganglion cell synapses

Question 35

optic disc

Answer 35

origin of optic nerve - eyes blind spot, no photoreceptors

Question 36

aqueous humor

Answer 36

fluid that circulates within the anterior cavity and diffuses through the posterior cavity

Question 37

vitreous body

Answer 37

gelatinous mass in the posterior cavity

Question 38

lens

Answer 38

transparent, biconvex, flexible disc that lies posterior to the cornea

Question 39

cataracts

Answer 39

loss of transparency in the lens due to injury, U V radiation, drug effects or ageing

Question 40

refraction

Answer 40

light is bent as it passes from one medium to another

Question 41

focal distance

Answer 41

distance between the center of the lens and the focal point

Question 42

astigmatism

Answer 42

the light passing through the cornea and lens is not refracted properly and the visual image is distorted

Question 43

accommodation

Answer 43

lens changes shape of eye to provide clear vision - Becomes rounder to focus on nearby objects - flattens to focus on far objects

Question 44

visual acuity

Answer 44

– clarity of vision compared to a “normal” standard 2020 vision