ch 3 pearson questions

Question 1

what stage of mitosis do chromosomes become visible in the nucleus

Answer 1

prophase

Question 2

what organelle is involved in mitosis

Answer 2

centriole

Question 3

site for protein synthesis

Answer 3

ribosome

Question 4

stores calcium ions in muscle cells

Answer 4

smooth er

Question 5

chromatid

Answer 5

copy of a chromosome

Question 6

lysosomes

Answer 6

vesicles w/ powerful digestive enzymes

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

intracellular fluid AND organelles

Question 8

cristae

Answer 8

folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 9

cytosol

Answer 9

intracellular fluid

Question 10

cilia

Answer 10

short hairlike cellular extensions…increases surface area of plasma membrane

Question 11

replication of genetic material results in chromosomes consisting of 2

Answer 11

chromatids

Question 12

chromatids

Answer 12

one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.

Question 13

cytokinesis

Answer 13

division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells

Question 14

anaphase

Answer 14

double-stranded chromosomes separate/are pulled aaprt

Question 15

S phase

Answer 15

during interphase, where DNA replication occurs

Question 16

mitosis

Answer 16

division of the nuclear material

Question 17

centromere

Answer 17

what chromatids are held together by

Question 18

Carrier mediated transport

Answer 18

transport across specialized integral membrane proteins

Question 19

Carrier-mediated transport that moves more than one substance:

Answer 19

Symport and antiport

Question 20

Symport

Answer 20

two substances move in the same direction at the same time

Question 21

Antiport

Answer 21

two substances move in opposite directions

Question 22

Types of carrier mediated transport

Answer 22

Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

Question 23

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

diffusion through specialized carrier proteins
Passive

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

uses energy to move substrates against their concentration gradients
Requires energy, such as ATP

Question 25

Primary active transport

Answer 25

pumping solutes against a concentration gradient using ATP

Question 26

Sodium potassium exchange pump

Answer 26

Uses one ATP to power the movement of three sodium ions out and two potassium ions in

Question 27

Secondary active transport

Answer 27

uses a previously established concentration gradient to move solutes, so dos not use ATP directly

Question 28

Vesicular transport

Answer 28

materials move into or out of a cell in vesicles

Question 29

Endocytosis

Answer 29

imports extracellular materials packaged into vesicles

Question 30

Types of endocytosis

Answer 30

Receptor-mediated endocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis

Question 31

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 31

vesicles contain a specific target molecule

Question 32

Pinocytosis

Answer 32

endocytosis of extracellular fluid

Question 33

Phagocytosis

Answer 33

endocytosis of solid particles

Question 34

Exocytosis

Answer 34

exports intracellular materials packaged into vesicles which fuse with the plasma membrane

Question 35

Membrane potential

Answer 35

results from unequal distribution of positive and negative charges across the plasma membrane

Question 36

Potential difference

Answer 36

When positive and negative charges are separated

Question 37

Interphase

Answer 37

the period between two cell divisions in which somatic cells spend most of their lives

Question 38

Cancer

Answer 38

illness that results from abnormal proliferation of cells in the body

Question 39

Cellular differentiation

Answer 39

Cells become specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body