ch 3 pearson questions Flashcards
what stage of mitosis do chromosomes become visible in the nucleus
prophase
what organelle is involved in mitosis
centriole
site for protein synthesis
ribosome
stores calcium ions in muscle cells
smooth er
chromatid
copy of a chromosome
lysosomes
vesicles w/ powerful digestive enzymes
cytoplasm
intracellular fluid AND organelles
cristae
folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
cytosol
intracellular fluid
cilia
short hairlike cellular extensions…increases surface area of plasma membrane
replication of genetic material results in chromosomes consisting of 2
chromatids
chromatids
one of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division.
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells
anaphase
double-stranded chromosomes separate/are pulled aaprt
S phase
during interphase, where DNA replication occurs
mitosis
division of the nuclear material
centromere
what chromatids are held together by
Carrier mediated transport
transport across specialized integral membrane proteins
Carrier-mediated transport that moves more than one substance:
Symport and antiport
Symport
two substances move in the same direction at the same time
Antiport
two substances move in opposite directions
Types of carrier mediated transport
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
diffusion through specialized carrier proteins
Passive
Active transport
uses energy to move substrates against their concentration gradients
Requires energy, such as ATP
Primary active transport
pumping solutes against a concentration gradient using ATP
Sodium potassium exchange pump
Uses one ATP to power the movement of three
sodium ions out and two potassium ions in
Secondary active transport
uses a previously established concentration gradient to move solutes, so dos not use ATP directly
Vesicular transport
materials move into or out of a cell in vesicles
Endocytosis
imports extracellular materials packaged into vesicles
Types of endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Receptor mediated endocytosis
vesicles contain a specific target molecule
Pinocytosis
endocytosis of extracellular fluid
Phagocytosis
endocytosis of solid particles
Exocytosis
exports intracellular materials packaged into vesicles which fuse with the plasma membrane
Membrane potential
results from unequal distribution of positive and negative charges across the plasma membrane
Potential difference
When positive and negative charges are separated
Interphase
the period between two cell divisions in which somatic cells spend most of their lives
Cancer
illness that results from abnormal proliferation of cells in the body
Cellular differentiation
Cells become specialized in their structures and function and performing a certain job in the body
