ch 6 - bone + bone structure

Question 1

6 types of bones

Answer 1

short, flat, irregular, sutural, long, and sesamoid

Question 2

long bone

Answer 2

long + slender, greater length than width
- outer layer compact bone w/ inner spongy bone at ends (epiphyses)

Question 3

long bone examples

Answer 3

femur, humerus

Question 4

short bones

Answer 4

boxy w/ approximately equal dimensions; cubed shape

Question 5

short bones example

Answer 5

carpels (wrist)

Question 6

flat bones

Answer 6

thin w/ parallel surfaces that produced a flattened shape
- no medullary cavity

Question 7

flat bones example

Answer 7

cranium, sternum, scapula

Question 8

irregular bones

Answer 8

odd, complex shapes

Question 9

irregular bone example

Answer 9

vertebrae, coxal

Question 10

sesamoid bones

Answer 10

small, round and flat…somewhat shaped like a sesame seed
- found within certain tendons

Question 11

sesamoid bone example

Answer 11

patella (knee cap)

Question 12

sutural bones

Answer 12

small, flat bones of the skull

Question 13

short, flat, and irregular bones composed mainly of

Answer 13

inner spongy bone w/ outer layer of compact bone

Question 14

structure of long bone

Answer 14

diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis,

Question 15

epiphysis

Answer 15

ends of a long bone

Question 16

metaphysis

Answer 16

narrow zone that connects the epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 17

diaphysis

Answer 17

long tubular shaft of long bone

Question 18

articular cartilage (hyaline)

Answer 18

covers the epiphysis at the joint

Question 19

medullary cavity

Answer 19

space within a bone that contains fatty yellow bone marrow

Question 20

periosteum

Answer 20

covers bone surface
- where ligaments and tendons are attached

Question 21

endosteum

Answer 21

inside of bone, thin membrane that lines medullalry cavity

Question 22

calcification

Answer 22

process of crystallization of mineral salts within collagen fibers

Question 23

what makes up bone matrix

Answer 23

2/3: calcium phosphate
1/3: collagen fibers

Question 24

bone tissue (osseous tissue)

Answer 24

dense connective tissue with cells and solid matrix

Question 25

4 types of bone cells

Answer 25

osteogenic osteoblast osteocyte osteoclast

Question 26

osteogenic cells

Answer 26

stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts

Question 27

osteoblasts

Answer 27

immature bone cells responsible for osteogenesis; the production of new bone matrix

Question 28

osteocytes

Answer 28

mature bone cells in lacunae

Question 29

osteoclasts

Answer 29

cells that absorb and remove bone matrix

Question 30

bone remodeling

Answer 30

continual process bone uses to renew itself

Question 31

compact bone structures

Answer 31

periosteum compact bone - osteon

Question 32

osteon

Answer 32

basic functional unit of compact bone - repeating structural unites

Question 33

lamellae

Answer 33

layers of calcified bone matrix

Question 34

concentric lamellae

Answer 34

forms osteons

Question 35

interstitial lamellae

Answer 35

fills spaces between osteons

Question 36

circumferential lamellae

Answer 36

at the outer bone surface

Question 37

central canal

Answer 37

center of osteon contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 38

lacunae

Answer 38

spaces within lamellae that houses osteocytes

Question 39

canaliculi

Answer 39

channels of extracellular fluid that connects osteons

Question 40

perforating cannals

Answer 40

passageways within compact bones that extend perpendicular to surface - connect to central canal

Question 41

spongy bone

Answer 41

- towards interior -contains red marroe and trabeculae - no osteons - no canals

Question 42

trabeculae

Answer 42

thin columns of lamellae arranged in an irregular pattern

Question 43

ossification

Answer 43

process by which bone forms

Question 44

embryonic skeleton is made of

Answer 44

mesenchyme

Question 45

2 types of ossification

Answer 45

intramembranous and endochondrial

Question 46

intramembranous ossification

Answer 46

fibrous connective tissue replaced by bone

Question 47

endochondrial ossification

Answer 47

bone replaces hyaline cartilage - occurs in long bone

Question 48

endochondrial ossification steps

Answer 48

1. development of cartilage model 2. growth of cartilage model 3. development of primary ossification center - diaphysis 4. formation of medullary cavity 5. development of secondary ossification centers 6. formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate

Question 49

interstitial growth

Answer 49

growth in length

Question 50

appositional growth

Answer 50

growth in width