11.1 -11.5

Question 1

fascicles

Answer 1

bundles of muscle fibers

Question 2

muscles are classified based on

Answer 2

the pattern of fascicle arrangement

Question 3

types of skeletal muscles (4)

Answer 3

parallel muscles
convergent muscles
pennate musccles
circular muscles

Question 4

parallel muscles

Answer 4

fascicles are parallel to long axis of muscle
- can be flat or spindle w/ a central BODY

Question 5

convergent muscles

Answer 5

muscle fascicles spread in a broad area on 1 side and converge on an attachment site on the other

Question 6

pennate muscles

Answer 6

the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon, take on a feather like appearance

Question 7

types of pennate muscles

Answer 7

unipennate - all fasicles on same side of tendon

bipennate - fascicles on both sides of a central tendon

multipennate - tendon branches within the muscle

Question 8

circular muscles (sphincters)

Answer 8

fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening

Question 9

lever

Answer 9

rigid structure that moves on a fixed point called a fulcrum

Question 10

a lever moves when

Answer 10

muscles provide a pressure called applied force (AF) to overcome a load (L)

Question 11

lever function

Answer 11

change the direction of applied force
change the effective strength of applied force

Question 12

3 classes of levers

Answer 12

1st, 2nd, and 3rd class

Question 13

1st class lever

Answer 13

fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
- like a crowbar / extension of the neck + lifting the head

Question 14

2nd class lever

Answer 14

the load lies between the applied force and the fulcrum
- like a wheelbarrow..small force can be used to move large weight
– ankle extension by calf muscles

Question 15

3rd class lever

Answer 15

applied force is between the load and the fulcrum
- like a pair of tongs

Question 16

origin

Answer 16

fixed point of attachment of a muscle to a bone

Question 17

insertion

Answer 17

more movable point of attachment of a muscle to a bone

Question 18

action

Answer 18

specific movement produced by the contraction of a muscle
- ex: adduction, elevation

Question 19

agonist (prime mover)

Answer 19

main muscle responsible for producing a particualr movement

Question 19

4 functional types of muscles

Answer 19

-agonist/prime mover
-antagonist
-synergist
-fixator

Question 20

antagonist

Answer 20

opposed the movement of the agonist

Question 21

synergist

Answer 21

a smaller muscle that assists an agonist

Question 22

fixator

Answer 22

a synergist that assists an agonist by preventing movement at another joint

Question 23

externus (superficialis)

Answer 23

muscles visible at body surface

Question 24

internus (profundus)

Answer 24

deeper muscles

Question 25

extrinsic

Answer 25

superficial muscle that positions or stabilizes an organ -- outside the structure

Question 26

intrinsic

Answer 26

located entirely within an organ

Question 27

transversus

Answer 27

runs across the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 28

oblique

Answer 28

runs at a slant to the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 29

rectus

Answer 29

straight muscle that runs along the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 30

for origin and insertion, the first part of the name

Answer 30

1st part of the name indicates origin 2nd part indicates insertion

Question 31

terms indicating shape (11)

Answer 31

deltoid orbicularis pectinate piriformis platysma pyramidal rhomboid serratus splenius teres trapezius

Question 32

deltoid

Answer 32

triangle

Question 33

orbicularis

Answer 33

circle

Question 34

pectinate

Answer 34

comb like

Question 35

piriformis

Answer 35

pear shaped

Question 36

platysma

Answer 36

flat plate

Question 37

pyramidal

Answer 37

pyramid

Question 38

rhomboid

Answer 38

parallelogram

Question 39

serratus

Answer 39

serrated/zig zag

Question 40

splenius

Answer 40

bandage

Question 41

teres

Answer 41

round and long

Question 42

trapezius

Answer 42

trapezoid

Question 43

alba

Answer 43

white

Question 44

brevis

Answer 44

short

Question 45

gracilis

Answer 45

slender

Question 46

latae

Answer 46

wide

Question 47

latissimus

Answer 47

widest

Question 48

longissimus

Answer 48

longest

Question 49

longus

Answer 49

long

Question 50

magnus

Answer 50

large

Question 51

major

Answer 51

larger

Question 52

maximus

Answer 52

largest

Question 53

minimus

Answer 53

smallest

Question 54

minor

Answer 54

smaller

Question 55

abductor

Answer 55

movement away

Question 56

adductor

Answer 56

movement toward

Question 57

depressor

Answer 57

lowering movement

Question 58

extensor

Answer 58

straightening movement

Question 59

flexor

Answer 59

bending movement

Question 60

levator

Answer 60

raising movement

Question 61

pronator

Answer 61

turning into prone position

Question 62

supinator

Answer 62

turning into supine position

Question 63

tensor

Answer 63

tensing movement

Question 64

buccinator

Answer 64

trumpeter