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A And P 1 > 11.1 -11.5 > Flashcards

11.1 -11.5 Flashcards

1
Q

fascicles

A

bundles of muscle fibers

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2
Q

muscles are classified based on

A

the pattern of fascicle arrangement

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3
Q

types of skeletal muscles (4)

A

parallel muscles
convergent muscles
pennate musccles
circular muscles

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4
Q

parallel muscles

A

fascicles are parallel to long axis of muscle
- can be flat or spindle w/ a central BODY

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5
Q

convergent muscles

A

muscle fascicles spread in a broad area on 1 side and converge on an attachment site on the other

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6
Q

pennate muscles

A

the fascicles form a common angle with the tendon, take on a feather like appearance

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7
Q

types of pennate muscles

A

unipennate - all fasicles on same side of tendon

bipennate - fascicles on both sides of a central tendon

multipennate - tendon branches within the muscle

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8
Q

circular muscles (sphincters)

A

fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening

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9
Q

lever

A

rigid structure that moves on a fixed point called a fulcrum

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10
Q

a lever moves when

A

muscles provide a pressure called applied force (AF) to overcome a load (L)

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11
Q

lever function

A

change the direction of applied force
change the effective strength of applied force

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12
Q

3 classes of levers

A

1st, 2nd, and 3rd class

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13
Q

1st class lever

A

fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
- like a crowbar / extension of the neck + lifting the head

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14
Q

2nd class lever

A

the load lies between the applied force and the fulcrum
- like a wheelbarrow..small force can be used to move large weight
– ankle extension by calf muscles

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15
Q

3rd class lever

A

applied force is between the load and the fulcrum
- like a pair of tongs

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16
Q

origin

A

fixed point of attachment of a muscle to a bone

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17
Q

insertion

A

more movable point of attachment of a muscle to a bone

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18
Q

action

A

specific movement produced by the contraction of a muscle
- ex: adduction, elevation

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19
Q

agonist (prime mover)

A

main muscle responsible for producing a particualr movement

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19
Q

4 functional types of muscles

A

-agonist/prime mover
-antagonist
-synergist
-fixator

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20
Q

antagonist

A

opposed the movement of the agonist

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21
Q

synergist

A

a smaller muscle that assists an agonist

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22
Q

fixator

A

a synergist that assists an agonist by preventing movement at another joint

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23
Q

externus (superficialis)

A

muscles visible at body surface

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24
Q

internus (profundus)

A

deeper muscles

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25
Q

extrinsic

A

superficial muscle that positions or stabilizes an organ
– outside the structure

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26
Q

intrinsic

A

located entirely within an organ

27
Q

transversus

A

runs across the longitudinal axis of the body

28
Q

oblique

A

runs at a slant to the longitudinal axis of the body

29
Q

rectus

A

straight muscle that runs along the longitudinal axis of the body

30
Q

for origin and insertion, the first part of the name

A

1st part of the name indicates origin
2nd part indicates insertion

31
Q

terms indicating shape (11)

A

deltoid
orbicularis
pectinate
piriformis
platysma
pyramidal
rhomboid
serratus
splenius
teres
trapezius

32
Q

deltoid

A

triangle

33
Q

orbicularis

A

circle

34
Q

pectinate

A

comb like

35
Q

piriformis

A

pear shaped

36
Q

platysma

A

flat plate

37
Q

pyramidal

A

pyramid

38
Q

rhomboid

A

parallelogram

39
Q

serratus

A

serrated/zig zag

40
Q

splenius

A

bandage

41
Q

teres

A

round and long

42
Q

trapezius

A

trapezoid

43
Q

alba

A

white

44
Q

brevis

A

short

45
Q

gracilis

A

slender

46
Q

latae

A

wide

47
Q

latissimus

A

widest

48
Q

longissimus

A

longest

49
Q

longus

A

long

50
Q

magnus

A

large

51
Q

major

A

larger

52
Q

maximus

A

largest

53
Q

minimus

A

smallest

54
Q

minor

A

smaller

55
Q

abductor

A

movement away

56
Q

adductor

A

movement toward

57
Q

depressor

A

lowering movement

58
Q

extensor

A

straightening movement

59
Q

flexor

A

bending movement

60
Q

levator

A

raising movement

61
Q

pronator

A

turning into prone position

62
Q

supinator

A

turning into supine position

63
Q

tensor

A

tensing movement

64
Q

buccinator

A

trumpeter

65
Q
A

A And P 1 (39 decks)

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