ch 15 - sensory pathways and somatic nervous system

Question 1

sensory pathway

Answer 1

series of neurons that relay sensory info from sensory receptors to CNS

Question 2

afferent division

Answer 2

sensory info to the cns

Question 3

efferent division

Answer 3

motor info to effectors

Question 4

sensation

Answer 4

sensory info arriving in the cns

Question 5

perception

Answer 5

conscious awareness of a sensation

Question 6

transduction

Answer 6

conversion of an arriving stimulus into an action potential

Question 7

general senses

Answer 7

temperature
pain
touch
pressure
vibration
proprioception

Question 8

special senses

Answer 8

smell
taste (gustation)
sight
balance
hearing

Question 9

receptor specificity

Answer 9

each receptor has a characteristic sensitivity

Question 10

receptive field

Answer 10

area monitored by a single receptor cell

Question 11

receptor potential

Answer 11

stimulus changes the receptor membrane potential

Question 12

labeled line

Answer 12

sensory neurons that link specific peripheral receptors to specific cortical neurons

Question 13

tonic receptors

Answer 13

always active

Question 14

phasic receptors

Answer 14

normally inactive and get activated by a stimulus
- provide info about the intensity and rate of change of a stimulus

Question 15

adaptation

Answer 15

decrease of receptor sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus

Question 16

fast adapting receptors

Answer 16

respond strongly at first but then activity decreases

Question 17

slow adapting receptors

Answer 17

show little peripheral adaptation

Question 18

exteroceptors

Answer 18

provide info about the external environment

Question 19

proprioceptors

Answer 19

provide info about the position of skeletal muscles and joints

Question 20

interoceptors

Answer 20

provide info about visceral organs and functions

Question 21

nociceptors

Answer 21

detect pain

Question 22

types of pain

Answer 22

fast: prickling pain caused by injection or deep cut

slow: burning and aching pain

Question 23

referred pain

Answer 23

pain felt in an uninjured part of the body rather than the injured part

Question 24

thermoreceptors

Answer 24

detect temperature

Question 25

mechanoreceptors

Answer 25

detect physical distortion such as touch

Question 26

classes of mechanoreceptors

Answer 26

tactile receptors
baroreceptors
proprioceptors

Question 27

chemoreceptors

Answer 27

detect chemical concentration

Question 28

tactile receptors

Answer 28

detect touch, pressure and vibration

Question 29

types of tactile receptors

Answer 29

free nerve endings
root hair plexus
tactile discs
bulbous and lamellar corpuscles

Question 30

baroreceptors

Answer 30

detect pressure changes in blood vessels and in portions of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts

Question 31

proprioceptors

Answer 31

monitor the position of joints and skeletal muscles

Question 32

types of proprioceptors

Answer 32

muscle spindles
golgi tendon organs
receptors in joint capsules

Question 33

first order neuron

Answer 33

delivers sensations from the periphery to the CNS

Question 34

second order neuron

Answer 34

interneuron in the spinal cord or brainstem

Question 35

third order neuron

Answer 35

neuron in the thalamus

Question 36

somatic sensory pathway

Answer 36

carries sensory info from skin and muscles to the CNS

Question 37

spinothalamic pathway

Answer 37

carries sensations of crude touch, pressure, pain and temp

Question 38

posterior column pathway

Answer 38

carries sensations of fine touch, vibration, pressure, and proprioception

Question 39

sensory homunculus

Answer 39

functional map of the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 40

spinocerebellar pathway

Answer 40

carries info about the positions of muscles, tendons, and joints
- responsible for proprioception

Question 41

visceral sensory pathways

Answer 41

info is collected by interoceptors monitoring the visceral tissues and organs within thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 42

somatic nervous system

Answer 42

controls skeletal muscles

Question 43

corticospinal pathway

Answer 43

provides voluntary control over skeletal muscles

Question 44

motor homunculus

Answer 44

functional map of the primary motor cortex

Question 45

basal nuclei

Answer 45

provide background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities

Question 46

decussation

Answer 46

the crossing of an axon from the left side to the right side or from the right side to the left side?

Question 47

medial pathway

Answer 47

responsible for subconscious regulation of muscle tone and reflex activity in the neck, trunk, and proximal limbs?

Question 48

motor homunculus

Answer 48

a functional map of the neurons in the cerebral cortex that control skeletal muscles

Question 49

visceral vs somatic pathways

Answer 49

visceral: Receptors are located in the internal organs

somatic: Receptors are located in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints, and transmit information about the five senses

Question 50

The primary sensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres or areas of the cerebellar hemispheres receives

Answer 50

somatic sensory info

Question 51

Visceral sensory information is distributed primarily to reflex centers in the

Answer 51

brain stem + diencephalon

Question 53

What are the 5 pathways

Answer 53

Somatic sensory
Spinothalamic
Posterior column
Spinocerebellar
Visceral sensory