ch 14.1-4

Question 1

4 major brain regions

Answer 1

cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brain stem

Question 2

cerebrum

Answer 2

largest part of brain + controls sensations and complex movement and higher mental functions

Question 3

what is the cerebrum divided into

Answer 3

left and right cerebral hemisphere

Question 4

cerebral cortex

Answer 4

superficial layer of gray matter
- outer layer of cerebrum

Question 5

gyri

Answer 5

rounded elevations/ridge that increase surface area of cerebral cortex

Question 6

sulci

Answer 6

shallow depressions between gyri

Question 7

cerebellum function

Answer 7

coordinates ongoing body movements / balance + posture
- oldest part of the brain

Question 8

diencephalon

Answer 8

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 9

thalamus

Answer 9

relays and processes sensory info

Question 10

hypothalamus

Answer 10

hormone production, controls emotions and maintains autonomic functions/homeostasis

Question 11

brainstem parts

Answer 11

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 12

brainstem function

Answer 12

processes and relays info between the spinal cord and the cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 13

midbrain function

Answer 13

processes and relays visual and auditory info

Question 14

pons function

Answer 14

Relays signals from forebrain to cerebellum

Question 15

medulla oblongata

Answer 15

connects brain to spinal cord
- relays sensory information to the thalamus

Question 16

ventricles of the brain

Answer 16

chambers in the brain lined with ependymal cells
- 2 lateral
- 3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 17

physical protection of brain

Answer 17

skull bones
cranial meninges
cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

dural folds

Answer 18

extensions of dura mater that stabilize and support the brain

Question 19

3 largest dural folds

Answer 19

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli

Question 20

subdural space

Answer 20

gap between dura and arachnoid mater

Question 21

subarachnoid space

Answer 21

between arachnoid and pia mater

Question 22

chroroid plexus

Answer 22

specialized area in each ventricle that produces CSF

Question 23

arachnoid villi

Answer 23

extensions of the arachnoid membrane that penetrate the meningeal layer of the dura mater and extend into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 24

cranial trauma

Answer 24

head injury resulting rom impact with an object

Question 25

epidural hemorrhage

Answer 25

blood is forced between the dura mater and skull

Question 26

subdural hemorrhage

Answer 26

bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

Question 27

cerebrovascular diseases

Answer 27

disorders that interfere with blood supply to the brain

Question 28

blood brain barrier

Answer 28

semi-permeable membrane that protects the brain from harmful substances by regulating the movement of molecules and ions between the blood and the brain

Question 29

blood-CSF barrier

Answer 29

formed by specialized ependymal cells that surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus

Question 30

blood-csf barrier function

Answer 30

barrier that separates the brain's CSF from circulating blood

Question 31

medulla oblongata

Answer 31

most inferior part of the brainstem with 3 groups of nuclei: reflex centers, sensory + motor nuclei cranial nerves, and relay stations

Question 32

reticular formation

Answer 32

gray and white matter with embedded nuclei that extends through the central core of the medulla oblongata

Question 33

2 major groups of reflex centers in the medulla oblongata

Answer 33

cardiovascular and respiratory

Question 34

pons

Answer 34

links cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord

Question 35

the pons contains

Answer 35

nuclei and tracts that process and relay info sent to or from the cerebellum

Question 36

midbrain contains

Answer 36

-tectum - roof of the midbrain -tegmentum - cerebral peduncles

Question 37

cerebellum

Answer 37

automatic processing and coordination center for patterns of muscular activity

Question 38

cerebellar peduncles

Answer 38

tracts that link the cerebellum to the other brain structures

Question 39

ataxia

Answer 39

disturbance in muscular coordination caused by damage from trauma or stroke

Question 40

insula

Answer 40

hidden part of brain for taste and sensation

Question 41

frontal lobe function

Answer 41

controls key functions relating to consciousness and communication, memory, attention

Question 42

parietal lobe function

Answer 42

processes sensory info

Question 43

temporal lobe function

Answer 43

hearing and balance

Question 44

occipital lobe function

Answer 44

visual processing

Question 45

nucleus in the brain

Answer 45

collection of cell bodies in the BRAIN

Question 46

ganglia

Answer 46

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 47

what is the anterior part of spinal root responsible for

Answer 47

motor

Question 48

what is the posterior part of spinal root responsible for

Answer 48

sensory

Question 49

What is in the frontal lobe

Answer 49

Primary motor cortex and premotor cortex

Question 50

What is in the parietal lobe

Answer 50

Primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association area

Question 51

What is in the temporal lobe

Answer 51

Auditory and olfactory cortex

Question 52

Primary motor cortex function

Answer 52

Mediate control of voluntary movements

Question 53

Premotor cortex function

Answer 53

Planning and organizing movements and actions

Question 54

Somatosensory cortex function

Answer 54

Detects sensory info regarding general senses (temp, oropioceotion etc)

Question 55

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the

Answer 55

telencephalon

Question 56

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the

Answer 56

thalamus

Question 57

somatic motor association area

Answer 57

-parietal lobe coordination of learned motor responses

Question 58

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones

Answer 58

ADH and oxytocin

Question 59

pineal gland

Answer 59

located in epithalamus and secretes melatonin