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A And P 1 > ch 14.1-4 > Flashcards

ch 14.1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 major brain regions

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brain stem

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2
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of brain + controls sensations and complex movement and higher mental functions

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3
Q

what is the cerebrum divided into

A

left and right cerebral hemisphere

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4
Q

cerebral cortex

A

superficial layer of gray matter
- outer layer of cerebrum

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5
Q

gyri

A

rounded elevations/ridge that increase surface area of cerebral cortex

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6
Q

sulci

A

shallow depressions between gyri

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7
Q

cerebellum function

A

coordinates ongoing body movements / balance + posture
- oldest part of the brain

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8
Q

diencephalon

A

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

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9
Q

thalamus

A

relays and processes sensory info

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

hormone production, controls emotions and maintains autonomic functions/homeostasis

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11
Q

brainstem parts

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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12
Q

brainstem function

A

processes and relays info between the spinal cord and the cerebrum and cerebellum

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13
Q

midbrain function

A

processes and relays visual and auditory info

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14
Q

pons function

A

Relays signals from forebrain to cerebellum

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15
Q

medulla oblongata

A

connects brain to spinal cord
- relays sensory information to the thalamus

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16
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

chambers in the brain lined with ependymal cells
- 2 lateral
- 3rd and 4th ventricle

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17
Q

physical protection of brain

A

skull bones
cranial meninges
cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

dural folds

A

extensions of dura mater that stabilize and support the brain

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19
Q

3 largest dural folds

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli

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20
Q

subdural space

A

gap between dura and arachnoid mater

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21
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between arachnoid and pia mater

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22
Q

chroroid plexus

A

specialized area in each ventricle that produces CSF

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23
Q

arachnoid villi

A

extensions of the arachnoid membrane that penetrate the meningeal layer of the dura mater and extend into the superior sagittal sinus

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24
Q

cranial trauma

A

head injury resulting rom impact with an object

25
Q

epidural hemorrhage

A

blood is forced between the dura mater and skull

26
Q

subdural hemorrhage

A

bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

27
Q

cerebrovascular diseases

A

disorders that interfere with blood supply to the brain

28
Q

blood brain barrier

A

semi-permeable membrane that protects the brain from harmful substances by regulating the movement of molecules and ions between the blood and the brain

29
Q

blood-CSF barrier

A

formed by specialized ependymal cells that surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus

30
Q

blood-csf barrier function

A

barrier that separates the brain’s CSF from circulating blood

31
Q

medulla oblongata

A

most inferior part of the brainstem with 3 groups of nuclei: reflex centers, sensory + motor nuclei cranial nerves, and relay stations

32
Q

reticular formation

A

gray and white matter with embedded nuclei that extends through the central core of the medulla oblongata

33
Q

2 major groups of reflex centers in the medulla oblongata

A

cardiovascular and respiratory

34
Q

pons

A

links cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord

35
Q

the pons contains

A

nuclei and tracts that process and relay info sent to or from the cerebellum

36
Q

midbrain contains

A

-tectum - roof of the midbrain
-tegmentum
- cerebral peduncles

37
Q

cerebellum

A

automatic processing and coordination center for patterns of muscular activity

38
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

tracts that link the cerebellum to the other brain structures

39
Q

ataxia

A

disturbance in muscular coordination caused by damage from trauma or stroke

40
Q

insula

A

hidden part of brain for taste and sensation

41
Q

frontal lobe function

A

controls key functions relating to consciousness and communication, memory, attention

42
Q

parietal lobe function

A

processes sensory info

43
Q

temporal lobe function

A

hearing and balance

44
Q

occipital lobe function

A

visual processing

45
Q

nucleus in the brain

A

collection of cell bodies in the BRAIN

46
Q

ganglia

A

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

47
Q

what is the anterior part of spinal root responsible for

48
Q

what is the posterior part of spinal root responsible for

49
Q

What is in the frontal lobe

A

Primary motor cortex and premotor cortex

50
Q

What is in the parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association area

51
Q

What is in the temporal lobe

A

Auditory and olfactory cortex

52
Q

Primary motor cortex function

A

Mediate control of voluntary movements

53
Q

Premotor cortex function

A

Planning and organizing movements and actions

54
Q

Somatosensory cortex function

A

Detects sensory info regarding general senses (temp, oropioceotion etc)

55
Q

The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the

A

telencephalon

56
Q

Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the

57
Q

somatic motor association area

A

-parietal lobe
coordination of learned motor responses

58
Q

The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones

A

ADH and oxytocin

59
Q

pineal gland

A

located in epithalamus and secretes melatonin

A And P 1 (41 decks)

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