ch 14.1-4 Flashcards
4 major brain regions
cerebrum
cerebellum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebrum
largest part of brain + controls sensations and complex movement and higher mental functions
what is the cerebrum divided into
left and right cerebral hemisphere
cerebral cortex
superficial layer of gray matter
- outer layer of cerebrum
gyri
rounded elevations/ridge that increase surface area of cerebral cortex
sulci
shallow depressions between gyri
cerebellum function
coordinates ongoing body movements / balance + posture
- oldest part of the brain
diencephalon
epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
thalamus
relays and processes sensory info
hypothalamus
hormone production, controls emotions and maintains autonomic functions/homeostasis
brainstem parts
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
brainstem function
processes and relays info between the spinal cord and the cerebrum and cerebellum
midbrain function
processes and relays visual and auditory info
pons function
Relays signals from forebrain to cerebellum
medulla oblongata
connects brain to spinal cord
- relays sensory information to the thalamus
ventricles of the brain
chambers in the brain lined with ependymal cells
- 2 lateral
- 3rd and 4th ventricle
physical protection of brain
skull bones
cranial meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
dural folds
extensions of dura mater that stabilize and support the brain
3 largest dural folds
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli
subdural space
gap between dura and arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
between arachnoid and pia mater
chroroid plexus
specialized area in each ventricle that produces CSF
arachnoid villi
extensions of the arachnoid membrane that penetrate the meningeal layer of the dura mater and extend into the superior sagittal sinus
cranial trauma
head injury resulting rom impact with an object
epidural hemorrhage
blood is forced between the dura mater and skull
subdural hemorrhage
bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
cerebrovascular diseases
disorders that interfere with blood supply to the brain
blood brain barrier
semi-permeable membrane that protects the brain from harmful substances by regulating the movement of molecules and ions between the blood and the brain
blood-CSF barrier
formed by specialized ependymal cells that surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus
blood-csf barrier function
barrier that separates the brain’s CSF from circulating blood
medulla oblongata
most inferior part of the brainstem with 3 groups of nuclei: reflex centers, sensory + motor nuclei cranial nerves, and relay stations
reticular formation
gray and white matter with embedded nuclei that extends through the central core of the medulla oblongata
2 major groups of reflex centers in the medulla oblongata
cardiovascular and respiratory
pons
links cerebellum with the midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum, and spinal cord
the pons contains
nuclei and tracts that process and relay info sent to or from the cerebellum
midbrain contains
-tectum - roof of the midbrain
-tegmentum
- cerebral peduncles
cerebellum
automatic processing and coordination center for patterns of muscular activity
cerebellar peduncles
tracts that link the cerebellum to the other brain structures
ataxia
disturbance in muscular coordination caused by damage from trauma or stroke
insula
hidden part of brain for taste and sensation
frontal lobe function
controls key functions relating to consciousness and communication, memory, attention
parietal lobe function
processes sensory info
temporal lobe function
hearing and balance
occipital lobe function
visual processing
nucleus in the brain
collection of cell bodies in the BRAIN
ganglia
collection of cell bodies in the PNS
what is the anterior part of spinal root responsible for
motor
what is the posterior part of spinal root responsible for
sensory
What is in the frontal lobe
Primary motor cortex and premotor cortex
What is in the parietal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex and somatosensory association area
What is in the temporal lobe
Auditory and olfactory cortex
Primary motor cortex function
Mediate control of voluntary movements
Premotor cortex function
Planning and organizing movements and actions
Somatosensory cortex function
Detects sensory info regarding general senses (temp, oropioceotion etc)
The cerebrum of the adult brain ultimately forms from the
telencephalon
Relay and processing centers for sensory information are found in the
thalamus
somatic motor association area
-parietal lobe
coordination of learned motor responses
The hypothalamus produces and secretes the hormones
ADH and oxytocin
pineal gland
located in epithalamus and secretes melatonin
